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Humans' continual learning (CL) ability is closely related to Stability Versus Plasticity Dilemma that describes how humans achieve ongoing learning capacity and preservation for learned information. The notion of CL has always been present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Yifan Chang , Wenbo Li , Jian Peng , Bo Tang , Yu Kang , Yinjie Lei , Yuanmiao Gui , Qing Zhu , Yu Liu , Haifeng Li

Deep neural networks have shown remarkable performance when trained on independent and identically distributed data from a fixed set of classes. However, in real-world scenarios, it can be desirable to train models on a continuous stream of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Nicolas Michel , Giovanni Chierchia , Romain Negrel , Jean-François Bercher , Toshihiko Yamasaki

The ability of a model to learn continually can be empirically assessed in different continual learning scenarios. Each scenario defines the constraints and the opportunities of the learning environment. Here, we challenge the current trend…

A core aspect of human intelligence is the ability to learn new tasks quickly and switch between them flexibly. Here, we describe a modular continual reinforcement learning paradigm inspired by these abilities. We first introduce a visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Kevin T. Feigelis , Blue Sheffer , Daniel L. K. Yamins

Continual learning (CL) is a setting in which an agent has to learn from an incoming stream of data sequentially. CL performance evaluates the model's ability to continually learn and solve new problems with incremental available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Josh Andle , Salimeh Yasaei Sekeh

Large Language Models (LMs) are known to encode world knowledge in their parameters as they pretrain on a vast amount of web corpus, which is often utilized for performing knowledge-dependent downstream tasks such as question answering,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Joel Jang , Seonghyeon Ye , Sohee Yang , Joongbo Shin , Janghoon Han , Gyeonghun Kim , Stanley Jungkyu Choi , Minjoon Seo

A human brain is capable of continual learning by nature; however the current mainstream deep neural networks suffer from a phenomenon named catastrophic forgetting (i.e., learning a new set of patterns suddenly and completely would result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Zhenfeng Cao

Continual learning (CL) studies how models acquire tasks sequentially while retaining previously learned knowledge. Despite substantial progress in benchmarking CL methods, comparative evaluations typically keep the fine-tuning regime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Paul-Tiberiu Iordache , Elena Burceanu

In computer simulation of the learning process is usually assumed that all elements of the training material are assimilated equally durable. But in practice, the knowledge, which a student uses in its operations, are remembered much…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-12-20 Robert V Mayer

Continual learning requires to overcome catastrophic forgetting when training a single model on a sequence of tasks. Recent top-performing approaches are prompt-based methods that utilize a set of learnable parameters (i.e., prompts) to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Li Jiao , Qiuxia Lai , Yu Li , Qiang Xu

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continually learn over time by accommodating new knowledge while retaining previously learned experience. While this concept is inherent in human learning, current machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Anna Vettoruzzo , Joaquin Vanschoren , Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia , Thorsteinn Rögnvaldsson

In the modern knowledge economy, success demands sustained focus and high cognitive performance. Research suggests that human cognition is linked to a finite resource, and upon its depletion, cognitive functions such as self-control and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Nathan O. Hodas , Jacob Hunter , Stephen J. Young , Kristina Lerman

Cognitive functions in current artificial intelligence networks are tied to the exponential increase in network scale, whereas the human brain can continuously learn hundreds of cognitive functions with remarkably low energy consumption.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Bing Han , Feifei Zhao , Yinqian Sun , Wenxuan Pan , Yi Zeng

Continual learning (CL) aims to enable learning systems to acquire new knowledge constantly without forgetting previously learned information. CL faces the challenge of mitigating catastrophic forgetting while maintaining interpretability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Lu Yu , Haoyu Han , Zhe Tao , Hantao Yao , Changsheng Xu

Acquiring new knowledge without forgetting what has been learned in a sequence of tasks is the central focus of continual learning (CL). While tasks arrive sequentially, the training data are often prepared and annotated independently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Thuy-Trang Vu , Shahram Khadivi , Mahsa Ghorbanali , Dinh Phung , Gholamreza Haffari

Continual learning research has shown that neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting "at the output level", but it is debated whether this is also the case at the level of learned representations. Multiple recent studies ascribe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Timm Hess , Eli Verwimp , Gido M. van de Ven , Tinne Tuytelaars

Nowadays, real-world applications often face streaming data, which requires the learning system to absorb new knowledge as data evolves. Continual Learning (CL) aims to achieve this goal and meanwhile overcome the catastrophic forgetting of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Da-Wei Zhou , Hai-Long Sun , Jingyi Ning , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

Neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are unable to sequentially learn new tasks without guaranteed stationarity in data distribution. Continual learning could be achieved via replay -- by concurrently training externally…

In real-world applications, learning-enabled systems often undergo iterative model development to address challenging or emerging tasks, which involve collecting new data, training a new model and validating the model. This continual model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Gang Li , Wendi Yu , Yao Yao , Wei Tong , Yingbin Liang , Qihang Lin , Tianbao Yang

In this paper, we focus on a long-term continual learning (CL) task, where a model learns sequentially from a stream of vast tasks over time, acquiring new knowledge while retaining previously learned information in a manner akin to human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Tianyu Huai , Jie Zhou , Yuxuan Cai , Qin Chen , Wen Wu , Xingjiao Wu , Xipeng Qiu , Liang He