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Observational evidence suggests that the majority of stars may have been born in stellar clusters or associations. Within these dense environments, dynamical interactions lead to high rates of close stellar encounters. A variety of recent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-04-28 Kyle Kremer , Wenbin Lu , Anthony L. Piro , Sourav Chatterjee , Frederic A. Rasio , Claire S. Ye

A popular class of models for interpreting quasi-periodic X-ray eruptions from galactic nuclei (QPEs) invoke collisions between an object on an extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI) and an accretion disk around a supermassive black hole. There…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-01 Andrew Mummery

The formation of a compact accretion disk following a tidal disruption event (TDE) requires that the shocked stellar debris cool efficiently as it settles toward the black hole. While recent simulations suggest that stream dissipation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-18 Semih Tuna , Brian D. Metzger , Yan-Fei Jiang , Andrea Antoni

Stars orbiting supermassive black holes can generate recurring accretion flares in repeating partial tidal disruption events (TDEs). Here we develop an efficient formalism for analyzing the time-dependent response of a star to the removal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-20 Ananya Bandopadhyay , Eric R. Coughlin , C. J. Nixon

A supermassive black hole can disrupt a star when its tidal field exceeds the star's self-gravity, and can directly capture stars that cross its event horizon. For black holes with mass M > 10^7 solar masses, tidal disruption of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-01-26 Michael Kesden

Accretion of debris seems to be the natural mechanism to power the radiation emitted during a tidal disruption event (TDE), in which a supermassive black hole tears apart a star. However, this requires the prompt formation of a compact…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-23 Taeho Ryu , Julian Krolik , Tsvi Piran , Scott Noble , Mark Avara

Tidal disruptions of stars by supermassive black holes produce multi-wavelength emission, of which the optical emission is of ambiguous origin. A unification scenario of tidal disruption events (TDEs) has been proposed to explain the…

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are bursts of electromagnetic energy released when supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of galaxies violently disrupt a star that passes too close. TDEs provide a new window to study accretion onto…

We describe a model of tidal disruption events (TDEs) with input physical parameters that include the black hole (BH) mass $M_{\bullet}$, the specific orbital energy $E$, the angular momentum $J$, the star mass $M_{\star}$ and radius…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-16 A. Mangalam , T. Mageshwaran

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are a class of transients that occur when a star is destroyed by the tides of a massive black hole (MBH). Their rates encode valuable MBH demographic information, but this can only be extracted if accurate TDE…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-31 Christian H. Hannah , Nicholas C. Stone , Anil C. Seth , Sjoert van Velzen

The tidal disruption of planets by their host stars represents a growing area of interest in transient astronomy, offering insights into the final stages of planetary system evolution. We model the hydrodynamic evolution and predict the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-18 Matías Montesinos , Sergei Nayakshin , Vardan Elbakyan , Zhen Guo , Mario Sucerquia , Amelia Bayo , Zhaohuan Zhu

When a star comes within a critical distance to a supermassive black hole (SMBH), immense tidal forces disrupt the star, resulting in a stream of debris that falls back onto the SMBH and powers a luminous flare. In this paper, we perform…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 James Guillochon , Haik Manukian , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are transient flares produced when a star is ripped apart by the gravitational field of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). We have observed a transient source in the western nucleus of the merging galaxy pair…

The discovery of optical/UV tidal disruption events (TDEs) was surprising. The expectation was that, upon returning to the pericenter, the stellar-debris stream will form a compact disk that will emit soft X-rays. Indeed the first TDEs were…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-03 Tatsuya Matsumoto , Tsvi Piran

We report results from general relativistic radiation MHD (GRRMHD) simulations of a super-Eddington black hole (BH) accretion disk formed as a result of a tidal disruption event (TDE). We consider the fiducial case of a solar mass star on a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-19 Brandon Curd , Ramesh Narayan

Geometrically thick disks may form after tidal disruption events, and rapid accretion may lead to short flares followed by long-term, lower-level emission. Using a novel accretion disk code which relies primarily on global conservation laws…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew Ulmer

When a star gets too close to a supermassive black hole, it is torn apart by the tidal forces. Roughly half of the stellar mass becomes unbound and flies away at tremendous velocities - around $10^4$ km/s. In this work we explore the idea…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-19 Almog Yalinewich , Elad Steinberg , Tsvi Piran , Julian H. Krolik

Tidal Disruption of stars by super massive central black holes from dense star clusters is modeled by high-accuracy direct $N$-body simulation. The time evolution of the stellar tidal disruption rate, the effect of tidal disruption on the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-22 Shiyan Zhong , Peter Berczik , Rainer Spurzem

Observations of tidal disruption events (TDEs) have already produced tens of strong candidate flares, and their number will greatly increase with upcoming wide field surveys. Nevertheless, the origin of the measured luminosity peak at early…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-15 Paola Martire , Elena Maria Rossi , Nicholas Chamberlain Stone , Elad Steinberg , Konstantinos Kilmetis , Itai Linial

In the past few years wide-field optical and UV transient surveys as well as X-ray telescopes have allowed us to identify a few dozen candidate tidal disruption events (TDEs). While in theory the physical processes in TDEs are expected to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-13 Lixin Dai , Jonathan C. McKinney , Nathaniel Roth , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , M. Coleman Miller
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