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Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a theoretically secure method to share secret keys, yet practical implementations face challenges due to noise and loss over long-distance channels. Traditional QKD protocols require extensive noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Hannah Seabrook , Emilien Lavie , Teodor Strömberg , Matthew P. Stafford , Giulia Rubino

Reconciliation is an essential part of any secret-key agreement protocol and hence of a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol, where two legitimate parties are given correlated data and want to agree on a common string in the presence of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-04-01 David Elkouss , Anthony Leverrier , Romain Alléaume , Joseph Boutros

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is rapidly transitioning from cutting-edge laboratory research to real-world deployment in established communication networks. Although QKD promises future-proof security, practical challenges stil exist due…

Existing security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) suffer from two fundamental weaknesses. First, memory attacks have emerged as an important threat to the security of even device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Marcos Curty , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We propose a post-selection technique, based on quantum error detection, for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that run over quantum repeaters with encoding. In such repeaters, quantum error correction techniques are used for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Yumang Jing , Daniel Alsina Leal , Mohsen Razavi

In this work, we propose a novel key reconciliation protocol for the quantum key distribution (QKD). Based on Newton's polynomial interpolation, the proposed protocol aims to correct all erroneous bits at the receiver without revealing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Gunes Karabulut Kurt , Enver Ozdemir , Neslihan Aysen Ozkirisci , Ozan Alp Topal , Emel A. Ugurlu

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security based on the fundamental laws of physics. However, device imperfections, such as those in active modulators, may introduce side-channel leakage, thus compromising…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Chengqiu Hu , Wenyuan Wang , Kai-Sum Chan , Zhenghan Yuan , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We construct a new entanglement-assisted quantum polar coding scheme which achieves the symmetric coherent information rate by synthesizing "amplitude" and "phase" channels from a given, arbitrary quantum channel. We first demonstrate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-04 Mark M. Wilde , Joseph M. Renes

The future of quantum repeater networking will require interoperability between various error correcting codes. A few specific code conversions and even a generalized method are known, however, no detailed analysis of these techniques in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Shota Nagayama , Byung-Soo Choi , Simon Devitt , Shigeya Suzuki , Rodney Van Meter

Robust implementation of quantum key distribution requires precise state generation and measurements, as well as a transmission that is resistant to channel disturbances. However, the choice of the optimal encoding scheme is not trivial and…

Calibration of the polarization basis between the transmitter and receiver is an important task in quantum key distribution (QKD). An effective polarization-basis tracking scheme will decrease the quantum bit error rate (QBER) and improve…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is emerging as a cutting-edge application of quantum technology, gradually integrating into the industrial landscape. Many protocols employing discrete or continuous variables have been developed over time.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Mattia Sabatini , Tommaso Bertapelle , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone , Marco Avesani

Polar encoding, described by Arikan in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 55, No. 7, July 2009, was a milestone for telecommunications. A Polar code distributes information among high and low-capacity channels, showing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Geraldo A. Barbosa

The task of finding a correctable encoding that protects against some physical quantum process is in general hard. Two main obstacles are that an exponential number of experiments are needed to gain complete information about the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-23 Marcus Silva , Easwar Magesan , David W. Kribs , Joseph Emerson

We study the implementation of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems over quantum repeater infrastructures. We particularly consider quantum repeaters with encoding and compare them with probabilistic quantum repeaters. To that end, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Yumang Jing , Mohsen Razavi

Presently, classical optical communication systems employing strong laser pulses and quantum key distribution (QKD) systems working at single-photon levels are very different communication modalities. Dedicated devices are commonly required…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-01 Bing Qi

Polar codes are a family of capacity-achieving error-correcting codes, and they have been selected as part of the next generation wireless communication standard. Each polar code bit-channel is assigned a reliability value, used to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Carlo Condo , Seyyed Ali Hashemi , Warren J. Gross

We demonstrate a client-server quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme, with large resources such as laser and detectors situated at the server-side, which is accessible via telecom-fibre, to a client requiring only an on-chip polarisation…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing. However, it requires classical decoders that are fast and accurate enough to keep pace with quantum hardware. While quantum low-density parity-check codes have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Andi Gu , J. Pablo Bonilla Ataides , Mikhail D. Lukin , Susanne F. Yelin

A capacity-achieving scheme based on polar codes is proposed for reliable communication over multi-channels which can be directly applied to bit-interleaved coded modulation schemes. We start by reviewing the ground-breaking work of polar…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-04 Hessam Mahdavifar , Mostafa El-Khamy , Jungwon Lee , Inyup Kang