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Text-to-image diffusion models often exhibit biases toward specific demographic groups, such as generating more males than females when prompted to generate images of engineers, raising ethical concerns and limiting their adoption. In this…

Text-to-image generation models that generate images based on prompt descriptions have attracted an increasing amount of attention during the past few months. Despite their encouraging performance, these models raise concerns about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zeyang Sha , Zheng Li , Ning Yu , Yang Zhang

Text-to-image generative models often exhibit bias related to sensitive attributes. However, current research tends to focus narrowly on single-object prompts with limited contextual diversity. In reality, each object or attribute within a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jeng-Lin Li , Ming-Ching Chang , Wei-Chao Chen

In this paper, we investigate the impact of objects on gender bias in image captioning systems. Our results show that only gender-specific objects have a strong gender bias (e.g., women-lipstick). In addition, we propose a visual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ahmed Sabir , Lluís Padró

Image generative models, particularly diffusion-based models, have surged in popularity due to their remarkable ability to synthesize highly realistic images. However, since these models are data-driven, they inherit biases from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Lin-Chun Huang , Ching Chieh Tsao , Fang-Yi Su , Jung-Hsien Chiang

Text-conditioned image generation models have recently achieved astonishing results in image quality and text alignment and are consequently employed in a fast-growing number of applications. Since they are highly data-driven, relying on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Patrick Schramowski , Manuel Brack , Björn Deiseroth , Kristian Kersting

Machine learning models that convert user-written text descriptions into images are now widely available online and used by millions of users to generate millions of images a day. We investigate the potential for these models to amplify…

Recent advancements in GANs and diffusion models have enabled the creation of high-resolution, hyper-realistic images. However, these models may misrepresent certain social groups and present bias. Understanding bias in these models remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Cristian Muñoz , Sara Zannone , Umar Mohammed , Adriano Koshiyama

Stable Diffusion is a popular Transformer-based model for image generation from text; it applies an image information creator to the input text and the visual knowledge is added in a step-by-step fashion to create an image that corresponds…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-02 Zhen Gao , Lini Yuan , Pedro Reviriego , Shanshan Liu , Fabrizio Lombardi

Diffusion-based generative models' impressive ability to create convincing images has garnered global attention. However, their complex structures and operations often pose challenges for non-experts to grasp. We present Diffusion…

With the growing adoption of Text-to-Image (TTI) systems, the social biases of these models have come under increased scrutiny. Herein we conduct a systematic investigation of one such source of bias for diffusion models: embedding spaces.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Sahil Kuchlous , Marvin Li , Jeffrey G. Wang

Text-to-image diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capability in generating realistic images from arbitrary text prompts. However, they often produce inconsistent results for compositional prompts such as "two dogs" or "a penguin…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shuangqi Li , Hieu Le , Jingyi Xu , Mathieu Salzmann

Text-to-image generative models have made remarkable progress in producing high-quality visual content from textual descriptions, yet concerns remain about how they represent social groups. While characteristics like gender and race have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yang Tian , Yu Fan , Liudmila Zavolokina , Sarah Ebling

Recent developments in text-to-image models, particularly Stable Diffusion, have marked significant achievements in various applications. With these advancements, there are growing safety concerns about the vulnerability of the model that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Chenyu Zhang , Lanjun Wang , Anan Liu

As text-to-image systems continue to grow in popularity with the general public, questions have arisen about bias and diversity in the generated images. Here, we investigate properties of images generated in response to prompts which are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko , Isar Nejadgholi

Recent advancements in text-to-image models, such as Stable Diffusion, show significant demographic biases. Existing de-biasing techniques rely heavily on additional training, which imposes high computational costs and risks of compromising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Eunji Kim , Siwon Kim , Minjun Park , Rahim Entezari , Sungroh Yoon

Text-to-image generators (T2Is) are liable to produce images that perpetuate social stereotypes, especially in regards to race or skin tone. We use a comprehensive set of 93 stigmatized identities to determine that three versions of Stable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kyra Wilson , Sourojit Ghosh , Aylin Caliskan

In this paper, we address the limitations of existing text-to-image diffusion models in generating demographically fair results when given human-related descriptions. These models often struggle to disentangle the target language context…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Jia Li , Lijie Hu , Jingfeng Zhang , Tianhang Zheng , Hua Zhang , Di Wang

Text-to-Image (TTI) generative models have shown great progress in the past few years in terms of their ability to generate complex and high-quality imagery. At the same time, these models have been shown to suffer from harmful biases,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Aditya Chinchure , Pushkar Shukla , Gaurav Bhatt , Kiri Salij , Kartik Hosanagar , Leonid Sigal , Matthew Turk

This study addresses gender bias in image generation models using Reinforcement Learning from Artificial Intelligence Feedback (RLAIF) with a novel Denoising Diffusion Policy Optimization (DDPO) pipeline. By employing a pretrained stable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Xin Chen , Virgile Foussereau