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Protein structure prediction has been a grand challenge problem in the structure biology over the last few decades. Protein quality assessment plays a very important role in protein structure prediction. In the paper, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-20 Renzhi Cao , Taeho Jo , Jianlin Cheng

Virtual screening (VS) is an essential task in drug discovery, focusing on the identification of small-molecule ligands that bind to specific protein pockets. Existing deep learning methods, from early regression models to recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Bowei He , Bowen Gao , Yankai Chen , Yanyan Lan , Chen Ma , Philip S. Yu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Wei-Ying Ma

In recent years, protein-text models have gained significant attention for their potential in protein generation and understanding. Current approaches focus on integrating protein-related knowledge into large language models through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Juntong Wu , Zijing Liu , He Cao , Hao Li , Bin Feng , Zishan Shu , Ke Yu , Li Yuan , Yu Li

Structure-based drug design (SBDD), which aims to generate 3D ligand molecules binding to target proteins, is a fundamental task in drug discovery. Existing SBDD methods typically treat protein as rigid and neglect protein structural change…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-01 Zaixi Zhang , Mengdi Wang , Qi Liu

Building a working mental model of a protein typically requires weeks of reading, cross-referencing crystal and predicted structures, and inspecting ligand complexes, an effort that is slow, unevenly accessible, and often requires…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-22 Carles Navarro , Mariona Torrens , Philipp Thölke , Stefan Doerr , Gianni De Fabritiis

The analysis of the three-dimensional structure of proteins is an important topic in molecular biochemistry. Structure plays a critical role in defining the function of proteins and is more strongly conserved than amino acid sequence over…

Applications · Statistics 2015-01-19 Abel Rodriguez , Scott C. Schmidler

Understanding protein sequences is vital and urgent for biology, healthcare, and medicine. Labeling approaches are expensive yet time-consuming, while the amount of unlabeled data is increasing quite faster than that of the labeled data due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Liang He , Shizhuo Zhang , Lijun Wu , Huanhuan Xia , Fusong Ju , He Zhang , Siyuan Liu , Yingce Xia , Jianwei Zhu , Pan Deng , Bin Shao , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

Learning effective protein representations is critical in a variety of tasks in biology such as predicting protein function or structure. Existing approaches usually pretrain protein language models on a large number of unlabeled amino acid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Zuobai Zhang , Minghao Xu , Arian Jamasb , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Aurelie Lozano , Payel Das , Jian Tang

Predicting protein stability changes induced by single-point mutations has been a persistent challenge over the years, attracting immense interest from numerous researchers. The ability to precisely predict protein thermostability is…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-08 Yijie Zhang , Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Stan Z. Li

Protein-ligand binding complexes are ubiquitous and essential to life. Protein-ligand binding affinity prediction (PLA) quantifies the binding strength between ligands and proteins, providing crucial insights for discovering and designing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Krinos Li , Xianglu Xiao , Zijun Zhong , Guang Yang

Protein-ligand binding is a fundamental biological process that is paramount to many other biological processes, such as signal transduction, metabolic pathways, enzyme construction, cell secretion, gene expression, etc. Accurate prediction…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-04-03 Zixuan Cang , Guo-Wei Wei

Proteins are biomolecules of life. They fold into a great variety of three-dimensional (3D) shapes. Underlying these folding patterns are many recurrent structural fragments or building blocks (analogous to `LEGO bricks'). This paper…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2013-10-08 Arun S. Konagurthu , Arthur M. Lesk , David Abramson , Peter J. Stuckey , Lloyd Allison

Water plays a fundamental role in the structure and function of proteins and other biomolecules. The thermodynamic profile of water molecules surrounding a protein are critical for ligand binding and recognition. Therefore, identifying the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-26 Florian B. Hinz , Matthew R. Masters , Julia N. Kieu , Amr H. Mahmoud , Markus A. Lill

The biological function of a protein stems from its 3-dimensional structure, which is thermodynamically determined by the energetics of interatomic forces between its amino acid building blocks (the order of amino acids, known as the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-05-03 Sean Mullane , Ruoyan Chen , Sri Vaishnavi Vemulapalli , Eli J. Draizen , Ke Wang , Cameron Mura , Philip E. Bourne

In multi-resolution simulations, different system components are simultaneously modelled at different levels of resolution, these being smoothly coupled together. In the case of enzyme systems, computationally expensive atomistic detail is…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-11-03 Aoife C. Fogarty , Raffaello Potestio , Kurt Kremer

Existing Protein Language Models (PLMs) often suffer from limited adaptability to multiple tasks and exhibit poor generalization across diverse biological contexts. In contrast, general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) lack the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yujia Wang , Jihong Guan , Wengen Li , Shuigeng Zhou , Xuhong Wang

Protein language models (PLMs) have revolutionised computational biology through their ability to generate powerful sequence representations for diverse prediction tasks. However, their black-box nature limits biological interpretation and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-11 Jan van Eck , Dea Gogishvili , Wilson Silva , Sanne Abeln

Predicting the binding sites of target proteins plays a fundamental role in drug discovery. Most existing deep-learning methods consider a protein as a 3D image by spatially clustering its atoms into voxels and then feed the voxelized…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-24 Yang Zhang , Zhewei Wei , Ye Yuan , Chongxuan Li , Wenbing Huang

Motivation: Prediction of ligands for proteins of known 3D structure is important to understand structure-function relationship, predict molecular function, or design new drugs. Results: We explore a new approach for ligand prediction in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-07-10 Brice Hoffmann , Mikhail Zaslavskiy , Jean-Philippe Vert , Véronique Stoven

Predicting protein-ligand binding affinity remains intractable for multi-domain proteins, where inter-domain dynamics govern molecular recognition. Existing geometric deep learning methods typically treat proteins as monolithic static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shuo Zhang , Rongqi Hong , Huifeng Zhang , Jian K. Liu