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As multiple crises threaten the sustainability of our societies and pose at risk the planetary boundaries, complex challenges require timely, updated, and usable information. Natural-language processing (NLP) tools enhance and expand data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Francesca Larosa , Sergio Hoyas , H. Alberto Conejero , Javier Garcia-Martinez , Francesco Fuso Nerini , Ricardo Vinuesa

We present the Hierarchical AI-Meteorologist, an LLM-agent system that generates explainable weather reports using a hierarchical forecast reasoning and weather keyword generation. Unlike standard approaches that treat forecasts as flat…

The dynamic environment context necessitates harnessing digital technologies, including artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, to supply high-resolution, real-time meteorological data to support agricultural decision-making and…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Suman Kumar Das , Pujyasmita Nayak

Foundation models, as a mainstream technology in artificial intelligence, have demonstrated immense potential across various domains in recent years, particularly in handling complex tasks and multimodal data. In the field of geophysics,…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-04-28 Hanlin Sheng , Xinming Wu , Hang Gao , Haibin Di , Sergey Fomel , Jintao Li , Xu Si

Foundation models (FMs) for the Earth system learn statistical relationships between physical variables across massive datasets to enable versatile downstream applications through finetuning, separating them from task-specific weather…

Dynamical weather and climate prediction models underpin many studies of the Earth system and hold the promise of being able to make robust projections of future climate change based on physical laws. However, simulations from these models…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Peter A. G. Watson

AI-for-science approaches have been applied to solve scientific problems (e.g., nuclear fusion, ecology, genomics, meteorology) and have achieved highly promising results. Spatial precipitation downscaling is one of the most important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Xuanhong Chen , Kairui Feng , Naiyuan Liu , Bingbing Ni , Yifan Lu , Zhengyan Tong , Ziang Liu

Climate change poses complex challenges, with extreme weather events becoming increasingly frequent and difficult to model. Examples include the dynamics of Combined Sewer Systems (CSS). Overburdened CSS during heavy rainfall will overflow…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-14 Vipin Singh , Tianheng Ling , Teodor Chiaburu , Felix Biessmann

Unpredictability of renewable energy sources coupled with the complexity of those methods used for various purposes in this area calls for the development of robust methods such as DL models within the renewable energy domain. Given the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Lutfu Sua , Haibo Wang , Jun Huang

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies have profoundly transformed the field of remote sensing, revolutionizing data collection, processing, and analysis. Traditionally reliant on manual interpretation and task-specific models, remote…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Siqi Lu , Junlin Guo , James R Zimmer-Dauphinee , Jordan M Nieusma , Xiao Wang , Parker VanValkenburgh , Steven A Wernke , Yuankai Huo

Recent progress in self-supervision shows that pre-training large neural networks on vast amounts of unsupervised data can lead to impressive increases in generalisation for downstream tasks. Such models, recently coined as foundation…

Deep learning has revolutionized weather forecasting, but many challenges remain, including climate modeling. Moreover, the current landscape remains fragmented: highly specialized models are typically trained individually for distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Michael Aich , Andreas Fürst , Florian Sestak , Carlos Ruiz-Gonzalez , Niklas Boers , Johannes Brandstetter

Weather forecasting is essential but remains computationally intensive and physically incomplete in traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) methods. Deep learning (DL) models offer efficiency and accuracy but often ignore physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yingtao Luo , Shikai Fang , Binqing Wu , Qingsong Wen , Liang Sun

Advanced weather and climate models use numerical techniques on grided meshes to simulate atmospheric and ocean dynamics, which are computationally expensive. Data-driven approaches are gaining popularity in weather and climate modeling,…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Animesh Choudhury , Jagabandhu Panda , Asmita Mukherjee

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has s fueled a shift in robot learning from automation towards general embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI). Adopting foundation models together with traditional learning methods to robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Xuan Xiao , Jiahang Liu , Zhipeng Wang , Yanmin Zhou , Yong Qi , Qian Cheng , Bin He , Shuo Jiang

Evaluating how Large Language Models (LLMs) handle complex, specialized knowledge remains a critical challenge. We address this through the lens of climate change by introducing CLINB, a benchmark that assesses models on open-ended,…

Weather forecasting is fundamentally challenged by the chaotic nature of the atmosphere, necessitating probabilistic approaches to quantify uncertainty. While traditional ensemble prediction (EPS) addresses this through computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xinlei Xiong , Wenbo Hu , Shuxun Zhou , Kaifeng Bi , Lingxi Xie , Ying Liu , Richang Hong , Qi Tian

In this paper, we present Pangu-Weather, a deep learning based system for fast and accurate global weather forecast. For this purpose, we establish a data-driven environment by downloading $43$ years of hourly global weather data from the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-11-07 Kaifeng Bi , Lingxi Xie , Hengheng Zhang , Xin Chen , Xiaotao Gu , Qi Tian

In climate science, models for global warming and weather prediction face significant challenges due to the limited availability of high-quality data and the difficulty in obtaining it, making data efficiency crucial. In the past few years,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Sameera S Kashyap , Raj Abhijit Dandekar , Rajat Dandekar , Sreedath Panat

Weather modeling requires both accurate prediction and mechanistic interpretation, yet existing methods treat these goals in isolation, separating generation from understanding. To address this gap, we present Omni-Weather, the first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zhiwang Zhou , Yuandong Pu , Xuming He , Yidi Liu , Yixin Chen , Junchao Gong , Xiang Zhuang , Wanghan Xu , Qinglong Cao , Shixiang Tang , Yihao Liu , Wenlong Zhang , Lei Bai