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Flooding remains a major global challenge, worsened by climate change and urbanization, demanding advanced solutions for effective disaster management. While traditional 2D flood mapping techniques provide limited insights, 3D flood…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Wenfeng Jia , Bin Liang , Yuxi Liu , Muhammad Arif Khan , Lihong Zheng

Weather forecasting is not only a predictive task but an interpretive scientific process requiring explanation, contextualization, and hypothesis generation. This paper introduces AI-Meteorologist, an explainable LLM-agent framework that…

In recent years, Deep-Learning Earth System Models (DL-ESMs) have emerged as promising, computationally efficient complements to traditional Earth system models. Here, we present an evaluation framework for testing DL-ESMs from a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Giuliana Pallotta , Shiheng Duan , Céline Bonfils , Jiwoo Lee , Seth Goodnight , Paul Ullrich

Climate change poses an urgent global threat, needing the rapid identification and deployment of innovative solutions. We hypothesise that many of these solutions already exist within scientific literature but remain underutilised. To…

A critical review of artificial intelligence and deep machine learning (AI/ML) applied to downscaling of global climate model simulations provides some words of caution, based on past experiences and well-established principles. Recent…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-01-06 Rasmus E. Benestad

To improve the trustworthiness of an AI model, finding consistent, understandable representations of its inference process is essential. This understanding is particularly important in high-stakes operations such as weather forecasting,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Soyeon Kim , Junho Choi , Subeen Lee , Jaesik Choi

Drought is a serious natural disaster that has a long duration and a wide range of influence. To decrease the drought-caused losses, drought prediction is the basis of making the corresponding drought prevention and disaster reduction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Weiwei Jiang , Jiayun Luo

Radars are widely used to obtain echo information for effective prediction, such as precipitation nowcasting. In this paper, recent relevant scientific investigation and practical efforts using Deep Learning (DL) models for weather radar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Qi Liu , Zhiyun Yang , Ru Ji , Yonghong Zhang , Muhammad Bilal , Xiaodong Liu , S Vimal , Xiaolong Xu

Most state-of-the-art approaches for weather and climate modeling are based on physics-informed numerical models of the atmosphere. These approaches aim to model the non-linear dynamics and complex interactions between multiple variables,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Tung Nguyen , Johannes Brandstetter , Ashish Kapoor , Jayesh K. Gupta , Aditya Grover

An AI-based Limited-Area Model (LAM) is developed for dynamical downscaling over the Southern Great Plains and the southeastern United States, with strong generalization abilities under diverse boundary conditions. The model is trained…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Yingkai Sha , Tracy Hertneky , Ethan Gutmann , Seth McGinnis , Rachel McCrary , Lulin Xue , David John Gagne , Kathryn Newman , Andrew Newman

Research on Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Data Assimilation (DA) is expanding rapidly. However, the absence of an objective, comprehensive, and real-world benchmark hinders the fair comparison of diverse methods. Here, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Wuxin Wang , Weicheng Ni , Ben Fei , Tao Han , Lilan Huang , Taikang Yuan , Xiaoyong Li , Lei Bai , Boheng Duan , Kaijun Ren

The Earth's weather system encompasses intricate weather data modalities and diverse weather understanding tasks, which hold significant value to human life. Existing data-driven models focus on single weather understanding tasks (e.g.,…

The demand for high-resolution information on climate change is critical for accurate projections and decision-making. Presently, this need is addressed through high-resolution climate models or downscaling. High-resolution models are…

Data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) models have made significant advancements in weather forecasting, particularly in medium-range and nowcasting. However, most data-driven weather forecasting models are black-box systems that focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Wanghan Xu , Fenghua Ling , Wenlong Zhang , Tao Han , Hao Chen , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

Seasonal forecasting remains challenging due to the inherent chaotic nature of atmospheric dynamics. This paper introduces DeepSeasons, a novel deep learning approach designed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of seasonal forecasts.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 A. Navarra , G. G. Navarra

As global climate change intensifies, accurate weather forecasting has become increasingly important, affecting agriculture, energy management, environmental protection, and daily life. This study introduces a hybrid model combining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yuhao Gong , Yuchen Zhang , Fei Wang , Chi-Han Lee

The paper presents a spatio-temporal wind speed forecasting algorithm using Deep Learning (DL)and in particular, Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs). Motivated by recent advances in renewable energy integration and smart grids, we apply our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Amir Ghaderi , Borhan M. Sanandaji , Faezeh Ghaderi

Foundation models (FMs) are catalyzing a transformative shift in materials science (MatSci) by enabling scalable, general-purpose, and multimodal AI systems for scientific discovery. Unlike traditional machine learning models, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Minh-Hao Van , Prateek Verma , Chen Zhao , Xintao Wu

Spatio-Temporal (ST) data science, which includes sensing, managing, and mining large-scale data across space and time, is fundamental to understanding complex systems in domains such as urban computing, climate science, and intelligent…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Yuxuan Liang , Haomin Wen , Yutong Xia , Ming Jin , Bin Yang , Flora Salim , Qingsong Wen , Shirui Pan , Gao Cong

Extreme weather events pose significant challenges, thereby demanding techniques for accurate analysis and precise forecasting to mitigate its impact. In recent years, deep learning techniques have emerged as a promising approach for…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Shikha Verma , Kuldeep Srivastava , Akhilesh Tiwari , Shekhar Verma