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In symmetric key cryptography the sender as well as the receiver possess a common key. Asymmetric key cryptography involves generation of two distinct keys which are used for encryption and decryption correspondingly. The sender converts…
Password users frequently employ passwords that are too simple, or they just reuse passwords for multiple websites. A common complaint is that utilizing secure passwords is too difficult. One possible solution to this problem is to use a…
Text password has served as the most popular method for user authentication so far, and is not likely to be totally replaced in foreseeable future. Password authentication offers several desirable properties (e.g., low-cost, highly…
A secure human identification protocol aims at authenticating human users to a remote server when even the users' inputs are not hidden from an adversary. Recently, the authors proposed a human identification protocol in the RSA Conference…
This review examines how quantum computing and artificial intelligence challenge current cryptographic systems. We analyze the literature to assess the resilience of algorithms against quantum attacks (Shor's and Grover's algorithms) and…
Text-based password schemes have inherent security and usability problems, leading to the development of graphical password schemes. However, most of these alternate schemes are vulnerable to spyware attacks. We propose a new scheme, using…
What can humans compute in their heads? We are thinking of a variety of Crypto Protocols, games like Sudoku, Crossword Puzzles, Speed Chess, and so on. The intent of this paper is to apply the ideas and methods of theoretical computer…
CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Truing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a widely used technology to distinguish real users and automated users such as bots. However, the advance of AI technologies weakens many CAPTCHA tests…
Reusing passwords across multiple websites is a common practice that compromises security. Recently, Blum and Vempala have proposed password strategies to help people calculate, in their heads, passwords for different sites without…
The proliferation of the Internet and mobile devices has resulted in malicious bots access to genuine resources and data. Bots may instigate phishing, unauthorized access, denial-of-service, and spoofing attacks to mention a few.…
Caesar cipher is an ancient, elementary method of encrypting plain text message to protect it from adversaries. However, with the advent of powerful computers there is a need for increasing the complexity of such algorithms. In this paper,…
Text-based passwords continue to be the prime form of authentication to computer systems. Today, they are increasingly created and used with mobile text entry methods, such as touchscreens and mobile keyboards, in addition to traditional…
Completely Automated Public Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) has been implemented on many websites to identify between harmful automated bots and legitimate users. However, the revenue generated by the bots has…
Quantum computer is no longer a hypothetical idea. It is the worlds most important technology and there is a race among countries to get supremacy in quantum technology. Its the technology that will reduce the computing time from years to…
Today, the protection of information, ensuring of the safety and the recall in lossless in case of need is highly significant and it is seen as a major threat in the field. Information security is possible by hiding the available data, by…
Quantum computing (QC) holds the promise of revolutionizing problem-solving by exploiting quantum phenomena like superposition and entanglement. It offers exponential speed-ups across various domains, from machine learning and security to…
Public-key cryptography algorithms, especially elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) have been attracting attention from many researchers in different institutions because these algorithms…
Cryptography protects users by providing functionality for the encryption of data and authentication of other users. This technology lets the receiver of an electronic message verify the sender, ensures that a message can be read only by…
A CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is an automatic security mechanism used to determine whether the user is a human or a malicious computer program. It is a program that generates and…
Several websites improve their security and avoid dangerous Internet attacks by implementing CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart), a type of verification to identify whether the end-user is…