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Detecting problematic content, such as hate speech, is a multifaceted and ever-changing task, influenced by social dynamics, user populations, diversity of sources, and evolving language. There has been significant efforts, both in academia…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Ali Omrani , Alireza S. Ziabari , Preni Golazizian , Jeffrey Sorensen , Morteza Dehghani

The sheer volume of online user-generated content has rendered content moderation technologies essential in order to protect digital platform audiences from content that may cause anxiety, worry, or concern. Despite the efforts towards…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Ioannis Sarridis , Christos Koutlis , Olga Papadopoulou , Symeon Papadopoulos

Controversial contents largely inundate the Internet, infringing various cultural norms and child protection standards. Traditional Image Content Moderation (ICM) models fall short in producing precise moderation decisions for diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mengyang Wu , Yuzhi Zhao , Jialun Cao , Mingjie Xu , Zhongming Jiang , Xuehui Wang , Qinbin Li , Guangneng Hu , Shengchao Qin , Chi-Wing Fu

Maintaining semantic consistency over extended text sequences remains a fundamental challenge in long-form text generation, where conventional training methodologies often struggle to prevent contextual drift and coherence degradation. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Nirola Kobanov , Edmund Weatherstone , Zachary Vanderpoel , Orlando Wetherby

We propose an agent-based framework for personalized filtering of categorized harassing communication in online social networks. Unlike global moderation systems that apply uniform filtering rules, our approach models user-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zenefa Rahaman , Sandip Sen

Moderating user-generated content on online platforms is crucial for balancing user safety and freedom of speech. Particularly in the United States, platforms are not subject to legal constraints prescribing permissible content. Each…

Multilingual large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed across cultural, linguistic, and political contexts, yet existing governance frameworks largely assume English-centric data, homogeneous user populations, and abstract…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hanjing Shi , Dominic DiFranzo

The advanced reasoning capabilities of Large Reasoning Models enable them to thoroughly understand and apply safety policies through deliberate thought processes, thereby improving the models' safety. Beyond safety, these models must also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuhang Wang , Yanxu Zhu , Jitao Sang

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to diverse cultural values is a challenging task, as existing LLMs often reflect the values of specific groups by default, and potentially causing harm to others. In this paper, we present CLCA, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Chen Cecilia Liu , Anna Korhonen , Iryna Gurevych

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly sophisticated and ubiquitous in natural language processing (NLP) applications, ensuring their robustness, trustworthiness, and alignment with human values has become a critical challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Wrick Talukdar , Anjanava Biswas

Millions of people rely on search functionality to find and explore content on entertainment platforms. Modern search systems use a combination of candidate generation and ranking approaches, with advanced methods leveraging deep learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Adeep Hande , Kishorekumar Sundararajan , Sardar Hamidian , Ferhan Ture

Video moderation, which refers to remove deviant or explicit content from e-commerce livestreams, has become prevalent owing to social and engaging features. However, this task is tedious and time consuming due to the difficulties…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Tan Tang , Yanhong Wu , Lingyun Yu , Yuhong Li , Yingcai Wu

The exponential growth of digital content presents significant challenges for content safety. Current moderation systems, often based on single models or fixed pipelines, exhibit limitations in identifying implicit risks and providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yuxiang He , Jian Zhao , Yuchen Yuan , Tianle Zhang , Wei Cai , Haojie Cheng , Ziyan Shi , Ming Zhu , Haichuan Tang , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li

The proliferation of harmful online content--e.g., toxicity, spam, and negative sentiment--demands robust and adaptable moderation systems. However, prevailing moderation systems are centralized and task-specific, offering limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Rufan Zhang , Lin Zhang , Xianghang Mi

There is a rapidly growing need for multimodal content moderation (CM) as more and more content on social media is multimodal in nature. Existing unimodal CM systems may fail to catch harmful content that crosses modalities (e.g., memes or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jialin Yuan , Ye Yu , Gaurav Mittal , Matthew Hall , Sandra Sajeev , Mei Chen

Current multimodal toxicity benchmarks typically use a single binary hatefulness label. This coarse approach conflates two fundamentally different characteristics of expression: tone and content. Drawing on communication science theory, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Nils A. Herrmann , Tobias Eder , Jingyi He , Georg Groh

Conversational moderation of online communities is crucial to maintaining civility for a constructive environment, but it is challenging to scale and harmful to moderators. The inclusion of sophisticated natural language generation modules…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hyundong Cho , Shuai Liu , Taiwei Shi , Darpan Jain , Basem Rizk , Yuyang Huang , Zixun Lu , Nuan Wen , Jonathan Gratch , Emilio Ferrara , Jonathan May

The content on the web is in a constant state of flux. New entities, issues, and ideas continuously emerge, while the semantics of the existing conversation topics gradually shift. In recent years, pre-trained language models like BERT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Spurthi Amba Hombaiah , Tao Chen , Mingyang Zhang , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork

One trending application of LLM (large language model) is to use it for content moderation in online platforms. Most current studies on this application have focused on the metric of accuracy -- the extent to which LLMs make correct…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Tao Huang

Social platforms have revolutionized information sharing, but also accelerated the dissemination of harmful and policy-violating content. To ensure safety and compliance at scale, moderation systems must go beyond efficiency and offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Anqi Li , Wenwei Jin , Jintao Tong , Pengda Qin , Weijia Li , Guo Lu