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Phase wrapping is a major problem in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using phase-difference observations. For a sensor pair with an inter-sensor spacing greater than half of the wavelength ($\lambda/2$) of the signal, phase wrapping…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-22 Hui Chen , Tarig Ballal , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Extremely large-scale antenna arrays (ELAAs) enable high spatial resolution and multiplexing, especially for user equipments (UEs) in the radiative near-field. To reduce hardware cost, modular ELAA architectures with distributed baseband…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson

Extremely large-scale array (XL-array) communications can significantly improve the spectral efficiency and spatial resolution, and has great potential in next-generation mobile communication networks. A crucial problem in XL-array…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Renwang Li , Shu Sun , Meixia Tao

This work establishes a framework of near-field communication under different array geometries of extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO). We first formulate the near-field spatial non-stationary channel model which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Kangda Zhi , Yi Song , Tianyu Yang , Tuo Wu , Tengjiao Wang , Songyan Xue , Fangzhou Wu , Giuseppe Caire

High-frequency communication systems bring extremely large aperture arrays (ELAA) and large bandwidths, integrating localization and (bi-static) sensing functions without extra infrastructure. Such systems are likely to operate in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-27 Hui Chen , Pinjun Zheng , Yu Ge , Ahmed Elzanaty , Jiguang He , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Henk Wymeersch

6G communication will greatly benefit from using extremely large-scale antenna arrays (ELAAs) and new mid-band spectrums (7-24 GHz). These techniques require a thorough exploration of the challenges and potentials of the associated…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-13 Wei Fan , Zhiqiang Yuan , Yejian Lyu , Jianhua Zhang , Gert Pedersen , Jonathan Borrill , Fengchun Zhang

This study seeks to utilize large language models (LLMs) to forecast the moving ports of fluid antenna (FA). By repositioning the antenna to the locations identified by our proposed model, we intend to address the mobility challenges faced…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Yali Zhang , Haifan Yin , Weidong Li , Emil Bjornson , Merouane Debbah

Millimeter wave/Terahertz (mmWave/THz) communication with extremely large-scale antenna arrays (ELAAs) offers a promising solution to meet the escalating demand for high data rates in next-generation communications. A large array aperture,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-30 Hongwei Wang , Jun Fang , Huiping Duan , Hongbin Li

Extremely large antenna arrays (ELAAs) are widely adopted in mmWave/THz communications to compensate for the severe path loss, wherein the channel estimation remains a significant challenge since the Rayleigh distance of ELAAs stretches to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Yiming Chen , Hongwei Wang , Lingxiang Li , Zhi Chen

Massive antenna arrays form physically large apertures with a beam-focusing capability, leading to outstanding wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency paired with low radiation levels outside the focusing region. However, leveraging these…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Benjamin J. B. Deutschmann , Thomas Wilding , Maximilian Graber , Klaus Witrisal

Dynamic metasurface antennas (DMAs) represent a novel transceiver array architecture for extremely large-scale (XL) communications, offering the advantages of reduced power consumption and lower hardware costs compared to conventional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Songjie Yang , Wanting Lyu , Boyu Ning , Yue Xiu , Youzhi Xiong , Hua Chen , Chadi Assi , Chau Yuen

The synergy between extremely large-scale antenna arrays and terahertz technology in sixth-generation networks establishes a near-field wideband transmission environment, enabling the generation of highly focused beams. To leverage this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Qianyu Yang , Haiyang Zhang , Francesco Guidi , Anna Guerra , Davide Dardari , Baoyun Wang , Yonina C. Eldar

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is the development trend of future wireless communications. However, the extremely large-scale antenna array could bring inevitable nearfield and dual-wideband effects that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jie Xu , Li You , George C. Alexandropoulos , Xinping Yi , Wenjin Wang , Xiqi Gao

Movable antenna (MA) introduces a new degree of freedom for future wireless communication systems by enabling the adaptive adjustment of antenna positions. Its large-range movement renders wireless channels transmission into the near-field…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Chongjia Sun , Ziwei Wan , Lipeng Zhu , Zhenyu Xiao , Zhen Gao , Rui Zhang

The objective of this study is to address the mobility challenges faced by user equipment (UE) through the implementation of fluid antenna (FA) on the UE side. This approach aims to maintain the time-varying channel in a relatively stable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Yali Zhang , Haifan Yin , Weidong Li , Emil Bjornson , Merouane Debbah

A near-field motion parameter estimation method is proposed. In contract to far-field sensing systems, the near-field sensing system leverages spherical-wave characteristics to enable full-vector location and velocity estimation. Despite…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Chunwei Meng , Zhaolin Wang , Zhiqing Wei , Yuanwei Liu , Zhiyong Feng

This paper proposes a novel pilot scheme for multi-user uplink channel estimation in extra-large-scale massive MIMO (XL-MIMO) systems with extremely large aperture arrays (ELAA). The large aperture of ELAA introduces spatial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-12 Yumeng Zhang , Huayan Guo , Vincent Lau

Achieving high-rate communication with accurate localization and wireless environment sensing has emerged as an important trend of beyond-fifth and sixth generation cellular systems. Extension of the antenna array to an extremely large…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jie Yang , Yong Zeng , Shi Jin , Chao-Kai Wen , Pingping Xu

Radio Map Prediction (RMP), aiming at estimating coverage of radio wave, has been widely recognized as an enabling technology for improving radio spectrum efficiency. However, fast and reliable radio map prediction can be very challenging…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-18 Yu Tian , Shuai Yuan , Weisheng Chen , Naijin Liu

Analog beamforming holds great potential for future terahertz (THz) communications due to its ability to generate high-gain directional beams with low-cost phase shifters. However, conventional analog beamforming may suffer substantial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Yike Xie , Weidong Mei , Dong Wang , Yingqi Wen , Zhi Chen , Jun Fang , Wei Guo , Boyu Ning