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In this paper, we study the problem of learning to bid in repeated first-price auctions with budget constraints. In each period, the decision maker needs to submit a bid to win the auction and maximize the total collected reward, subject to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Zeng Fu , Jiashuo Jiang , Yuan Zhou

This paper studies the equilibrium price of an asset that is traded in continuous time between N agents who have heterogeneous beliefs about the state process underlying the asset's payoff. We propose a tractable model where agents maximize…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-03-26 Johannes Muhle-Karbe , Marcel Nutz , Xiaowei Tan

We study whether large language models acting as autonomous bidders can tacitly collude by coordinating when to accept platform posted payouts in repeated Dutch auctions, without any communication. We present a minimal repeated auction…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sriram Tolety

In this paper, we develop a new method for finding an optimal biddingstrategy in sequential auctions, using a dynamic programming technique. Theexisting method assumes that the utility of a user is represented in anadditive form. Thus, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Hiromitsu Hattori , Makoto Yokoo , Yuko Sakurai , Toramatsu Shintani

This paper studies mechanism design for auctions with externalities on budgets, a novel setting where the budgets that bidders commit are adjusted due to the externality of the competitors' allocation outcomes-a departure from traditional…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yusen Zheng , Yukun Cheng , Chenyang Xu , Xiaotie Deng

We consider the process of bidding by electricity suppliers in a day-ahead market context where each supplier bids a linear non-decreasing function of her generating capacity with the goal of maximizing her individual profit given other…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-16 Ruidi Chen , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis , Michael C. Caramanis , Panagiotis Andrianesis

The study of repeated interactions between a learner and a utility-maximizing optimizer has yielded deep insights into the manipulability of learning algorithms. However, existing literature primarily focuses on independent, unlinked…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Giannis Fikioris , Balasubramanian Sivan , Éva Tardos

We study the optimal behavior of a bidder in a real-time auction subject to the requirement that a specified collections of heterogeneous items be acquired within given time constraints. The problem facing this bidder is cast as a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Ryan J. Kinnear , Ravi R. Mazumdar , Peter Marbach

Online auction scenarios, such as bidding searches on advertising platforms, often require bidders to participate repeatedly in auctions for identical or similar items. Most previous studies have only considered the process by which the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Yudong Hu , Congying Han , Tiande Guo , Hao Xiao

This paper extends the incomplete model of Haile and Tamer (2003) from static English auctions to sequential English auctions. Because bidders may wait for future opportunities, the static condition that bidders do not let rivals win at…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-15 Dongwoo Kim , Kyoo il Kim , Pallavi Pal

Online bidding is a classic optimization problem, with several applications in online decision-making, the design of interruptible systems, and the analysis of approximation algorithms. In this work, we study online bidding under…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Spyros Angelopoulos , Bertrand Simon

Buyers (e.g., advertisers) often have limited financial and processing resources, and so their participation in auctions is throttled. Changes to auctions may affect bids or throttling and any change may affect what winners pay. This paper…

Applications · Statistics 2016-05-31 Guillaume W. Basse , Hossein Azari Soufiani , Diane Lambert

In modern advertising platforms, learning algorithms are deployed by budget-constrained bidders to maximize their accumulated value. These algorithms often offer classical utility guarantees like no-regret, i.e., the agent's utility is at…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Giannis Fikioris , Robert Kleinberg , Yoav Kolumbus , Yishay Mansour , Eva Tardos

Maximizing utility with a budget constraint is the primary goal for advertisers in real-time bidding (RTB) systems. The policy maximizing the utility is referred to as the optimal bidding strategy. Earlier works on optimal bidding strategy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Aritra Ghosh , Saayan Mitra , Somdeb Sarkhel , Viswanathan Swaminathan

The possibility of latency arbitrage in financial markets has led to the deployment of high-speed communication links between distant financial centers. These links are noisy and so there is a need for coding. In this paper, we develop a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-28 Mina Karzand , Lav R. Varshney

The Ethereum block-building process has changed significantly since the emergence of Proposer-Builder Separation. Validators access blocks through a marketplace, where block builders bid for the right to construct the block and earn MEV…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Fei Wu , Thomas Thiery , Stefanos Leonardos , Carmine Ventre

We study the aggregate welfare and individual regret guarantees of dynamic \emph{pacing algorithms} in the context of repeated auctions with budgets. Such algorithms are commonly used as bidding agents in Internet advertising platforms,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Jason Gaitonde , Yingkai Li , Bar Light , Brendan Lucier , Aleksandrs Slivkins

The goal of an auction is to determine commodity prices such that all participants are perfectly happy. Such a solution is called a competitive equilibrium and does not exist in general. For this reason we are interested in solutions which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-09-04 Johannes C. Müller

One method to offer some bidders a discount in a first-price auction is to augment their bids when selecting a winner but only charge them their original bids should they win. Another method is to use their original bids to select a winner,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Miguel Alcobendas , Eric Bax

This study explores the design of an efficient rebate policy in auction markets, focusing on a continuous-time setting with competition among market participants. In this model, a stock exchange collects transaction fees from auction…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-01-23 Thibaut Mastrolia , Tianrui Xu
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