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Large language models (LLMs) are initially trained on vast amounts of data, then fine-tuned using reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF); this also serves to teach the LLM to provide appropriate and safe responses. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Benjamin Lemkin

Visual hallucination, where Multimodal Large Language Models fabricate details inconsistent with image content, critically undermines their reliability. Existing fine-tuning methods offer limited improvement, failing to deeply intervene in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Filippo Morbiato , Luca Romano , Alessandro Persona

Despite great success across various multimodal tasks, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) often encounter object hallucinations with generated textual responses being inconsistent with the actual objects in images. We examine different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Wenbin An , Feng Tian , Sicong Leng , Jiahao Nie , Haonan Lin , QianYing Wang , Ping Chen , Xiaoqin Zhang , Shijian Lu

Despite the significant success of Large Vision-Language models(LVLMs), these models still suffer hallucinations when describing images, generating answers that include non-existent objects. It is reported that these models tend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Bin Li , Dehong Gao , Yeyuan Wang , Linbo Jin , Shanqing Yu , Xiaoyan Cai , Libin Yang

Recent Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various multimodal tasks that require understanding both visual and linguistic inputs. However, object hallucination -- the generation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jiwoo Ha , Jongwoo Baek , Jinhyun So

Vision-language models (VLMs) have made substantial progress across a wide range of visual question answering benchmarks, spanning visual reasoning, document understanding, and multimodal dialogue. These improvements are evident in a wide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Dhruba Ghosh , Yuhui Zhang , Ludwig Schmidt

Hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs) refers to the generation of content that is not faithful to the input or the real-world facts. This paper provides a rigorous treatment of hallucination in LLMs, including formal definitions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Esmail Gumaan

Recent progress in large-scale pre-training has led to the development of advanced vision-language models (VLMs) with remarkable proficiency in comprehending and generating multimodal content. Despite the impressive ability to perform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Hang Hua , Jing Shi , Kushal Kafle , Simon Jenni , Daoan Zhang , John Collomosse , Scott Cohen , Jiebo Luo

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have been shown to efficiently integrate natural language with visual information to handle multi-modal tasks. However, MLLMs still face a fundamental limitation of hallucinations, where they tend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Chaoya Jiang , Haiyang Xu , Mengfan Dong , Jiaxing Chen , Wei Ye , Ming Yan , Qinghao Ye , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Shikun Zhang

Object hallucination is a critical issue in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), where outputs include objects that do not appear in the input image. A natural question arises from this phenomenon: Which component of the LVLM pipeline…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Lingfeng Ren , Weihao Yu , Runpeng Yu , Xinchao Wang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) tend to hallucinate, especially when visual inputs are corrupted at test time. We show that such corruptions act as additional distribution shifts, significantly amplifying hallucination rates in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Mriganka Nath , Anurag Das , Jiahao Xie , Bernt Schiele

Hallucination poses a challenge to the deployment of large vision-language models (LVLMs) in applications. Unlike in large language models (LLMs), hallucination in LVLMs often arises from misalignments between visual inputs and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Sheng Liu , Haotian Ye , Lei Xing , James Zou

Recent advances in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly improve performance in image comprehension tasks, such as formatted charts and rich-content images. Yet, Graphical User Interface (GUI) pose a greater challenge due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ziyang Meng , Yu Dai , Zezheng Gong , Shaoxiong Guo , Minglong Tang , Tongquan Wei

Existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit insufficient visual attention, leading to hallucinations. To alleviate this problem, some previous studies adjust and amplify visual attention. These methods present a limitation that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jingyi Wang , Fei Li , Rujie Liu

Video-text retrieval has seen significant advancements, yet the ability of models to discern subtle differences in captions still requires verification. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for fine-grained evaluation. Our approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Aozhu Chen , Hazel Doughty , Xirong Li , Cees G. M. Snoek

Under pure textual modality, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in complex reasoning tasks by decomposing them into simpler sub-problems. However, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) still struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jingming Liu , Yumeng Li , Boyuan Xiao , Yichang Jian , Ziang Qin , Tianjia Shao , Yao-Xiang Ding , Kun Zhou

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in open-ended visual question answering, they remain vulnerable to hallucinations. These are outputs that contradict or misrepresent input semantics, posing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jianjiang Yang , Yanshu li , Ziyan Huang

Hallucinations in large vision-language models (LVLMs) pose significant challenges for real-world applications, as LVLMs may generate responses that appear plausible yet remain inconsistent with the associated visual content. This issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Xin Dong , Shichao Dong , Jin Wang , Jing Huang , Li Zhou , Zenghui Sun , Lihua Jing , Jingsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress, yet hallucination remains a critical barrier, particularly in chart understanding, which requires sophisticated perceptual and cognitive abilities as well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xingqi Wang , Yiming Cui , Xin Yao , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu , Xiaoyu Qin

Nowadays, the research on Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has been significantly promoted thanks to the success of Large Language Models (LLM). Nevertheless, these Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are suffering from the drawback of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Hongyu Hu , Jiyuan Zhang , Minyi Zhao , Zhenbang Sun