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Auto-regressive sequence generative models trained by Maximum Likelihood Estimation suffer the exposure bias problem in practical finite sample scenarios. The crux is that the number of training samples for Maximum Likelihood Estimation is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-14 Yuxuan Song , Ning Miao , Hao Zhou , Lantao Yu , Mingxuan Wang , Lei Li

The detection of computer-generated text is an area of rapidly increasing significance as nascent generative models allow for efficient creation of compelling human-like text, which may be abused for the purposes of spam, disinformation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Evan Crothers , Nathalie Japkowicz , Herna Viktor , Paula Branco

The misuse of large language models (LLMs) requires precise detection of synthetic text. Existing works mainly follow binary or ternary classification settings, which can only distinguish pure human/LLM text or collaborative text at best.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yang Li , Qiang Sheng , Zhengjia Wang , Yehan Yang , Danding Wang , Juan Cao

Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT, Claude, Gemini, and Grok have been deeply integrated into our daily life. They now support a wide range of tasks -- from dialogue and email drafting to assisting with teaching and coding, serving as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hongyi Zhou , Jin Zhu , Ying Yang , Chengchun Shi

Recently there have been many shared tasks targeting the detection of generated text from Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these shared tasks tend to focus either on cases where text is limited to one particular domain or cases where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Liam Dugan , Andrew Zhu , Firoj Alam , Preslav Nakov , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

Our work addresses the critical issue of distinguishing text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) from human-produced text, a task essential for numerous applications. Despite ongoing debate about the feasibility of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Souradip Chakraborty , Amrit Singh Bedi , Sicheng Zhu , Bang An , Dinesh Manocha , Furong Huang

Previous approaches for scene text detection have already achieved promising performances across various benchmarks. However, they usually fall short when dealing with challenging scenarios, even when equipped with deep neural network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Xinyu Zhou , Cong Yao , He Wen , Yuzhi Wang , Shuchang Zhou , Weiran He , Jiajun Liang

The Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable ability to generate fluent content across a wide spectrum of user queries. However, this capability has raised concerns regarding misinformation and personal information leakage. In this…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made it increasingly difficult to distinguish human-written text from AI-generated content. Many existing detectors train supervised neural classifiers that achieve strong in-distribution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Pingfan Su , Kai Ye , Shijin Gong , Erhan Xu , Jin Zhu , Giulia Livieri , Chengchun Shi

Image and text retrieval is one of the foundational tasks in the vision and language domain with multiple real-world applications. State-of-the-art approaches, e.g. CLIP, ALIGN, represent images and texts as dense embeddings and calculate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Chen Chen , Bowen Zhang , Liangliang Cao , Jiguang Shen , Tom Gunter , Albin Madappally Jose , Alexander Toshev , Jonathon Shlens , Ruoming Pang , Yinfei Yang

The rapid progress of large language models has enabled the generation of text that closely resembles human writing, creating challenges for authenticity verification in education, publishing, and digital security. Detecting AI-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Michał Gromadzki , Anna Wróblewska , Agnieszka Kaliska

We present NOTAI.AI, an explainable framework for machine-generated text detection that extends Fast-DetectGPT by integrating curvature-based signals with neural and stylometric features in a supervised setting. The system combines 17…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Oleksandr Marchenko Breneur , Adelaide Danilov , Aria Nourbakhsh , Salima Lamsiyah

Stance detection is a crucial NLP task with numerous applications in social science, from analyzing online discussions to assessing political campaigns. This paper investigates the optimal way to incorporate metadata into a political stance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Stanley Cao , Felix Drinkall

Event extraction has gained extensive research attention due to its broad range of applications. However, the current mainstream evaluation method for event extraction relies on token-level exact match, which misjudges numerous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yi-Fan Lu , Xian-Ling Mao , Tian Lan , Heyan Huang , Chen Xu , Xiaoyan Gao

The paper presents an approach to semantic grounding of language models (LMs) that conceptualizes the LM as a conditional model generating text given a desired semantic message formalized as a set of entity-relationship triples. It embeds…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Chris Alberti , Kuzman Ganchev , Michael Collins , Sebastian Gehrmann , Ciprian Chelba

It is challenging to detect curve texts due to their irregular shapes and varying sizes. In this paper, we first investigate the deficiency of the existing curve detection methods and then propose a novel Conditional Spatial Expansion (CSE)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Zichuan Liu , Guosheng Lin , Sheng Yang , Fayao Liu , Weisi Lin , Wang Ling Goh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are a powerful tool for statistical text analysis, with derived sequences of next-token probability distributions offering a wealth of information. Extracting this signal typically relies on metrics such as…

In recent years, the use of large language models (LLMs) to generate music content, particularly lyrics, has gained in popularity. These advances provide valuable tools for artists and enhance their creative processes, but they also raise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yanis Labrak , Markus Frohmann , Gabriel Meseguer-Brocal , Elena V. Epure

Detecting texts generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) could cause grave mistakes due to incorrect decisions, such as undermining students' academic dignity. LLM text detection thus needs to ensure the interpretability of the decision,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Ayana Niwa , Preslav Nakov , Naoaki Okazaki

The rapid development of large language models has led to an increase in AI-generated text, with students increasingly using LLM-generated content as their own work, which violates academic integrity. This paper presents an evaluation of AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Adilkhan Alikhanov , Aidar Amangeldi , Diar Demeubay , Dilnaz Akhmetzhan , Nurbek Moldakhmetov , Omar Polat , Galymzhan Zharas