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Learning solution operators for differential equations with neural networks has shown great potential in scientific computing, but ensuring their stability under input perturbations remains a critical challenge. This paper presents a robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Chutian Huang , Chang Ma , Kaibo Wang , Yang Xiang

Neural ODEs demonstrate strong performance in generative and time-series modelling. However, training them via the adjoint method is slow compared to discrete models due to the requirement of numerically solving ODEs. To speed neural ODEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Alexander Norcliffe , Marc Peter Deisenroth

The neural ordinary differential equation (ODE) framework has emerged as a powerful tool for developing accelerated surrogate models of complex physical systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). A popular approach for PDE…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-26 Ashish S. Nair , Shivam Barwey , Pinaki Pal , Jonathan F. MacArt , Troy Arcomano , Romit Maulik

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are well-known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where malicious human-imperceptible perturbations are included in the input to the deep network to fool it into making a wrong classification. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Qiyu Kang , Yang Song , Qinxu Ding , Wee Peng Tay

Dense image matching is a fundamental low-level problem in Computer Vision, which has received tremendous attention from both discrete and continuous optimization communities. The goal of this paper is to combine the advantages of discrete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-26 Alexander Shekhovtsov , Christian Reinbacher , Gottfried Graber , Thomas Pock

Modern deep learning algorithms use variations of gradient descent as their main learning methods. Gradient descent can be understood as the simplest Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) solver; namely, the Euler method applied to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Benoit Dherin , Michael Munn , Hanna Mazzawi , Michael Wunder , Sourabh Medapati , Javier Gonzalvo

The Neural Autoregressive Distribution Estimator (NADE) and its real-valued version RNADE are competitive density models of multidimensional data across a variety of domains. These models use a fixed, arbitrary ordering of the data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-14 Benigno Uria , Iain Murray , Hugo Larochelle

Gradient-based minimax optimal algorithms have greatly promoted the development of continuous optimization and machine learning. One seminal work due to Yurii Nesterov [Nes83a] established $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\sqrt{L/\mu})$ gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Yuanshi Liu , Hanzhen Zhao , Yang Xu , Pengyun Yue , Cong Fang

Several widely-used first-order saddle-point optimization methods yield an identical continuous-time ordinary differential equation (ODE) that is identical to that of the Gradient Descent Ascent (GDA) method when derived naively. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Tatjana Chavdarova , Michael I. Jordan , Manolis Zampetakis

Neural ordinary differential equations (Neural ODEs) is a class of machine learning models that approximate the time derivative of hidden states using a neural network. They are powerful tools for modeling continuous-time dynamical systems,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-16 Wenbo Hao

For a generic discrete-time algorithm (DTA): $z^+=g(z,s)$, where $s$ is the step size, Lu (Math. Program., 194(1):1061--1112, 2022) proposed an $O(s^r)$-resolution ordinary differential equation (ODE) framework based on the backward error…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Lixia Wang , Hao Luo

In data-driven modeling of spatiotemporal phenomena careful consideration often needs to be made in capturing the dynamics of the high wavenumbers. This problem becomes especially challenging when the system of interest exhibits shocks or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-28 Alec J. Linot , Joshua W. Burby , Qi Tang , Prasanna Balaprakash , Michael D. Graham , Romit Maulik

Neural controlled differential equations (CDEs) are the continuous-time analogue of recurrent neural networks, as Neural ODEs are to residual networks, and offer a memory-efficient continuous-time way to model functions of potentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 James Morrill , Cristopher Salvi , Patrick Kidger , James Foster , Terry Lyons

High-performance deep neural network (DNN)-based systems are in high demand in edge environments. Due to its high computational complexity, it is challenging to deploy DNNs on edge devices with strict limitations on computational resources.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Hiroki Kawakami , Hirohisa Watanabe , Keisuke Sugiura , Hiroki Matsutani

We study the convergence rate of first-order methods for rectangular matrix factorization, which is a canonical nonconvex optimization problem. Specifically, given a rank-$r$ matrix $\mathbf{A}\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$, we prove that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhenghao Xu , Yuqing Wang , Tuo Zhao , Rachel Ward , Molei Tao

This paper proposes the use of spectral element methods \citep{canuto_spectral_1988} for fast and accurate training of Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE-Nets; \citealp{Chen2018NeuralOD}) for system identification. This is achieved…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Alessio Quaglino , Marco Gallieri , Jonathan Masci , Jan Koutník

The derivation of second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) as continuous-time limits of optimization algorithms has been shown to be an effective tool for the analysis of these algorithms. Additionally, discretizing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-29 Rachel Walker , Emily Zhang

We introduce economical versions of standard implicit ODE solvers that are specifically tailored for the efficient and accurate simulation of neural networks. These reformulations allow to achieve a significant increase in the efficiency of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-12 Luca Bonaventura , Soledad Fernández-García , Macarena Gómez-Mármol

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) have been successful in various applications due to their continuous nature and parameter-sharing efficiency. However, these unique characteristics also introduce challenges in training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Tianxiang Gao , Siyuan Sun , Hailiang Liu , Hongyang Gao

Deep residual networks (ResNets) have shown state-of-the-art performance in various real-world applications. Recently, the ResNets model was reparameterized and interpreted as solutions to a continuous ordinary differential equation or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Duo Yu , Hongyu Miao , Hulin Wu