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Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) store temporal facts with quadruple formats (s, p, o, t). Existing Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding (TKGE) models perform link prediction tasks in transductive or semi-inductive settings, which means the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiaxin Pan , Mojtaba Nayyeri , Osama Mohammed , Daniel Hernandez , Rongchuan Zhang , Cheng Cheng , Steffen Staab

Recently, contrastive learning (CL) has emerged as a successful method for unsupervised graph representation learning. Most graph CL methods first perform stochastic augmentation on the input graph to obtain two graph views and maximize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Yanqiao Zhu , Yichen Xu , Feng Yu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

A Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is a sequence of KGs corresponding to different timestamps. TKG reasoning aims to predict potential facts in the future given the historical KG sequences. One key of this task is to mine and understand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Zixuan Li , Saiping Guan , Xiaolong Jin , Weihua Peng , Yajuan Lyu , Yong Zhu , Long Bai , Wei Li , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Temporal knowledge graph reasoning (TKGR) is increasingly gaining attention for its ability to extrapolate new events from historical data, thereby enriching the inherently incomplete temporal knowledge graphs. Existing graph-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Jinze Sun , Yongpan Sheng , Lirong He , Yongbin Qin , Ming Liu , Tao Jia

Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) has recently drawn much research interest for learning generalizable node representations in a self-supervised manner. In general, the contrastive learning process in GCL is performed on top of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Kaize Ding , Yancheng Wang , Yingzhen Yang , Huan Liu

In recent years, graph contrastive learning (GCL) has received increasing attention in recommender systems due to its effectiveness in reducing bias caused by data sparsity. However, most existing GCL models rely on heuristic approaches and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Jiakai Tang , Sunhao Dai , Zexu Sun , Xu Chen , Jun Xu , Wenhui Yu , Lantao Hu , Peng Jiang , Han Li

In the domain of recommendation and collaborative filtering, Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) has become an influential approach. Nevertheless, the reasons for the effectiveness of contrastive learning are still not well understood. In this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Chengkai Liu , Jianling Wang , James Caverlee

How can we perform knowledge reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs)? TKGs represent facts about entities and their relations, where each fact is associated with a timestamp. Reasoning over TKGs, i.e., inferring new facts from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Namyong Park , Fuchen Liu , Purvanshi Mehta , Dana Cristofor , Christos Faloutsos , Yuxiao Dong

Trapped by the label scarcity in molecular property prediction and drug design, graph contrastive learning (GCL) came forward. Leading contrastive learning works show two kinds of view generators, that is, random or learnable data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xueyuan Chen , Shangzhe Li , Ruomei Liu , Bowen Shi , Jiaheng Liu , Junran Wu , Ke Xu

Supervised learning, while prevalent for information cascade modeling, often requires abundant labeled data in training, and the trained model is not easy to generalize across tasks and datasets. It often learns task-specific…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Xovee Xu , Fan Zhou , Kunpeng Zhang , Siyuan Liu

Continual learning (CL) involves acquiring and accumulating knowledge from evolving tasks while alleviating catastrophic forgetting. Recently, leveraging contrastive loss to construct more transferable and less forgetful representations has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Jia Tang , Xinrui Wang , Songcan Chen

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) Forecasting aims at predicting links in Knowledge Graphs for future timesteps based on a history of Knowledge Graphs. To this day, standardized evaluation protocols and rigorous comparison across TKG models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Julia Gastinger , Christian Meilicke , Federico Errica , Timo Sztyler , Anett Schuelke , Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Traditional Graph Neural Network (GNN), as a graph representation learning method, is constrained by label information. However, Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) methods, which tackle the label problem effectively, mainly focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Kai Yang , Yuan Liu , Zijuan Zhao , Peijin Ding , Wenqian Zhao

Knowledge graphs (KGs) serve as a vital backbone for a wide range of AI applications, including natural language understanding and recommendation. A promising yet underexplored direction is numerical reasoning over KGs, which involves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ming Yin , Zongsheng Cao , Qiqing Xia , Chenyang Tu , Neng Gao

Recently, various contrastive learning techniques have been developed to categorize time series data and exhibit promising performance. A general paradigm is to utilize appropriate augmentations and construct feasible positive samples such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Qianying Ren , Dongsheng Luo , Dongjin Song

Deep learning models are modern tools for spatio-temporal graph (STG) forecasting. Though successful, we argue that data scarcity is a key factor limiting their recent improvements. Meanwhile, contrastive learning has been an effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Xu Liu , Yuxuan Liang , Chao Huang , Yu Zheng , Bryan Hooi , Roger Zimmermann

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) extrapolation is an important task that aims to predict future facts through historical interaction information within KG snapshots. A key challenge for most existing TKG extrapolation models is handling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Dongying Lin , Yinan Liu , Shengwei tang , Bin Wang , Xiaochun Yang

Reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) is fundamental to improving the efficiency and reliability of intelligent decision-making systems and has become a key technological foundation for future artificial intelligence applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Wang Xing , Wei Song , Siyu Lin , Chen Wu , Zhesi Li , Man Wang

Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in the absence of task-specific labels. However, its scalability on large-scale graphs is hindered by the intensive message…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiang Chen , Kun Yue , Wenjie Liu , Zhenyu Zhang , Liang Duan

Graph neural network (GNN) is a powerful learning approach for graph-based recommender systems. Recently, GNNs integrated with contrastive learning have shown superior performance in recommendation with their data augmentation schemes,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Xuheng Cai , Chao Huang , Lianghao Xia , Xubin Ren