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Active learning improves the performance of machine learning methods by judiciously selecting a limited number of unlabeled data points to query for labels, with the aim of maximally improving the underlying classifier's performance. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 James Chapman , Bohan Chen , Zheng Tan , Jeff Calder , Kevin Miller , Andrea L. Bertozzi

Software vulnerability detection has emerged as a significant concern in the field of software security recently, capturing the attention of numerous researchers and developers. Most previous approaches focus on coarse-grained vulnerability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Wenchao Gu , Yupan Chen , Yanlin Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Cuiyun Gao , Michael R. Lyu

Vulnerability identification constitutes a task of high importance for cyber security. It is quite helpful for locating and fixing vulnerable functions in large applications. However, this task is rather challenging owing to the absence of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Ammar Ahmed , Anwar Said , Mudassir Shabbir , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Static analysis tools are widely used for vulnerability detection as they understand programs with complex behavior and millions of lines of code. Despite their popularity, static analysis tools are known to generate an excess of false…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Yunhui Zheng , Saurabh Pujar , Burn Lewis , Luca Buratti , Edward Epstein , Bo Yang , Jim Laredo , Alessandro Morari , Zhong Su

We study the theoretical advantages of active learning over passive learning. Specifically, we prove that, in noise-free classifier learning for VC classes, any passive learning algorithm can be transformed into an active learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-08-09 Steve Hanneke

Supervised-learning-based vulnerability detectors often fall short due to limited labelled training data. In contrast, Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 are trained on vast unlabelled code corpora, yet perform only marginally better…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Weizhou Wang , Eric Liu , Xiangyu Guo , Xiao Hu , Ilya Grishchenko , David Lie

Accompanying the successes of learning-based defensive software vulnerability analyses is the lack of large and quality sets of labeled vulnerable program samples, which impedes further advancement of those defenses. Existing automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yu Nong , Richard Fang , Guangbei Yi , Kunsong Zhao , Xiapu Luo , Feng Chen , Haipeng Cai

Despite the impressive performance of large language models (LLMs) in general domains, they often underperform in specialized domains. Existing approaches typically rely on data synthesis methods and yield promising results by using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Xiaopeng Ke , Hexuan Deng , Xuebo Liu , Jun Rao , Zhenxi Song , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

The emergence of pre-trained model-based vulnerability detection methods has significantly advanced the field of automated vulnerability detection. However, these methods still face several challenges, such as difficulty in learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yuan Jiang , Yujian Zhang , Xiaohong Su , Christoph Treude , Tiantian Wang

Active learning methods aim to improve sample complexity in machine learning. In this work, we investigate an active learning scheme via a novel gradient-free cutting-plane training method for ReLU networks of arbitrary depth and develop a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Erica Zhang , Fangzhao Zhang , Mert Pilanci

Machine learning and Large language models (LLMs) for vulnerability detection has received significant attention in recent years. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art techniques show that LLMs are unsuccessful in even distinguishing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mohammed Sayagh , Mohammad Ghafari

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require reliable traffic sign recognition and robust lane detection capabilities to ensure safe navigation in complex and dynamic environments. This paper introduces an integrated approach combining advanced deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Chandan Kumar Sah , Ankit Kumar Shaw , Xiaoli Lian , Arsalan Shahid Baig , Tuopu Wen , Kun Jiang , Mengmeng Yang , Diange Yang

Learning-based solutions for vision tasks require a large amount of labeled training data to ensure their performance and reliability. In single-task vision-based settings, inconsistency-based active learning has proven to be effective in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Aral Hekimoglu , Philipp Friedrich , Walter Zimmer , Michael Schmidt , Alvaro Marcos-Ramiro , Alois C. Knoll

The rapid adoption of blockchain technology highlighted the importance of ensuring the security of smart contracts due to their critical role in automated business logic execution on blockchain platforms. This paper provides an empirical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Francesco Salzano , Cosmo Kevin Antenucci , Simone Scalabrino , Giovanni Rosa , Rocco Oliveto , Remo Pareschi

To address the extremely concerning problem of software vulnerability, system security is often entrusted to Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Despite their now established detection capabilities, such models are limited by design to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Marco Pintore , Giorgio Piras , Angelo Sotgiu , Maura Pintor , Battista Biggio

Deep learning for vulnerability detection has shown promising results on early benchmarks, but recent evaluations reveal catastrophic degradation: models achieving F1 > 0.68 on legacy datasets collapse to 0.031 under strict deduplication.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yongchao Wang , Zhiqiu Huang

The objective of Active Learning is to strategically label a subset of the dataset to maximize performance within a predetermined labeling budget. In this study, we harness features acquired through self-supervised learning. We introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jingyao Li , Pengguang Chen , Shaozuo Yu , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

Vulnerability detection for C/C++ code increasingly relies on heavy representations such as code graphs and deep models, while many practical workflows still benefit from fast and reproducible ranking baselines for human triage. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Chun Yin Chiu

We present a comprehensive dataset of Java vulnerability-fixing commits (VFCs) to advance research in Java vulnerability analysis. Our dataset, derived from thousands of open-source Java projects on GitHub, comprises two variants: JavaVFC…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Tan Bui , Yan Naing Tun , Yiran Cheng , Ivana Clairine Irsan , Ting Zhang , Hong Jin Kang

Inspired by the concept of active learning, we propose active inference$\unicode{x2013}$a methodology for statistical inference with machine-learning-assisted data collection. Assuming a budget on the number of labels that can be collected,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-09 Tijana Zrnic , Emmanuel J. Candès
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