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While Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is NP-hard in general, practical MILP has received roughly 100--fold speedup in the past twenty years. Still, many classes of MILPs quickly become unsolvable as their sizes increase, motivating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Ziang Chen , Jialin Liu , Xinshang Wang , Jianfeng Lu , Wotao Yin

Computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) studies quantitative structure-property relationships and discovers desired molecules using optimization algorithms. With the emergence of machine learning models, CAMD score functions may be replaced…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Shiqiang Zhang , Juan S. Campos , Christian Feldmann , Frederik Sandfort , Miriam Mathea , Ruth Misener

Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILPs) are essential tools for solving planning and scheduling problems across critical industries such as construction, manufacturing, and logistics. However, their widespread adoption is limited by long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xiaoke Wang , Batuhan Altundas , Zhaoxin Li , Aaron Zhao , Matthew Gombolay

We consider the embedding of piecewise-linear deep neural networks (ReLU networks) as surrogate models in mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problems. A MILP formulation of ReLU networks has recently been applied by many authors to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-10 Bjarne Grimstad , Henrik Andersson

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is widely employed for modeling combinatorial optimization problems. In practice, similar MILP instances with only coefficient variations are routinely solved, and machine learning (ML) algorithms are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-07 Qingyu Han , Linxin Yang , Qian Chen , Xiang Zhou , Dong Zhang , Akang Wang , Ruoyu Sun , Xiaodong Luo

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), a widely used modeling framework for combinatorial optimization, are central to many scientific and engineering applications, yet remains computationally challenging at scale. Recent advances in deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Peixin Huang , Yaoxin Wu , Yining Ma , Cathy Wu , Wen Song , Wei Zhang

Recently, a novel two-phase framework named mol-infer for inference of chemical compounds with prescribed abstract structures and desired property values has been proposed. The framework mol-infer is primarily based on using mixed integer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jianshen Zhu , Naveed Ahmed Azam , Kazuya Haraguchi , Liang Zhao , Tatsuya Akutsu

A recent Graph Neural Network (GNN) approach for learning to branch has been shown to successfully reduce the running time of branch-and-bound algorithms for Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). While the GNN relies on a GPU for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Prateek Gupta , Maxime Gasse , Elias B. Khalil , M. Pawan Kumar , Andrea Lodi , Yoshua Bengio

The prediction of physicochemical properties from molecular structures is a crucial task for artificial intelligence aided molecular design. A growing number of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been proposed to address this challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Shuo Zhang , Yang Liu , Lei Xie

Mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs) are extensively used to model practical problems such as planning and scheduling. A prominent method for solving MILPs is large neighborhood search (LNS), which iteratively seeks improved solutions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-12 Wenbo Liu , Akang Wang , Wenguo Yang , Qingjiang Shi

In many operational contexts, solutions to NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, modeled by means of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP), may become infeasible due to unpredictable disruptions. Typically, reoptimizing by solving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Mathieu Lerouge , Andrea Lodi , Enrico Malaguti , Michele Monaci , Filippo Focacci

The use of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) models to represent neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activations has become increasingly widespread in the last decade. This has enabled the use of MILP technology to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-01 Fabian Badilla , Marcos Goycoolea , Gonzalo Muñoz , Thiago Serra

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely studied in various applications. A DNN consists of layers of neurons that compute affine combinations, apply nonlinear operations, and produce corresponding activations. The rectified linear unit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Navid Aftabi , Nima Moradi , Fatemeh Mahroo

Mixed-integer programming (MIP) technology offers a generic way of formulating and solving combinatorial optimization problems. While generally reliable, state-of-the-art MIP solvers base many crucial decisions on hand-crafted heuristics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Elias B. Khalil , Christopher Morris , Andrea Lodi

Learning to optimize is a rapidly growing area that aims to solve optimization problems or improve existing optimization algorithms using machine learning (ML). In particular, the graph neural network (GNN) is considered a suitable ML model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Ziang Chen , Jialin Liu , Xinshang Wang , Jianfeng Lu , Wotao Yin

Mixed-integer optimization is at the core of many online decision-making systems that demand frequent updates of decisions in real time. However, due to their combinatorial nature, mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs) can be difficult to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Shivi Dixit , Rishabh Gupta , Qi Zhang

In this work, we develop a novel input feature selection framework for ReLU-based deep neural networks (DNNs), which builds upon a mixed-integer optimization approach. While the method is generally applicable to various classification…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-22 Shudian Zhao , Calvin Tsay , Jan Kronqvist

This paper analyzes the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to address complex optimization challenges in air transportation with explainability. The study aims to validate the use of…

This paper presents a novel approach to the joint optimization of job scheduling and data allocation in grid computing environments. We formulate this joint optimization problem as a mixed integer quadratically constrained program. To…

We present an ideal mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation for a rectified linear unit (ReLU) appearing in a trained neural network. Our formulation requires a single binary variable and no additional continuous variables beyond the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-04 Ross Anderson , Joey Huchette , Christian Tjandraatmadja , Juan Pablo Vielma
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