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The mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) minimizes an entropy-regularized nonlinear convex functional on the Wasserstein space over $\mathbb{R}^d$, and has gained attention recently as a model for the gradient descent dynamics of interacting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anming Gu , Juno Kim

The mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) is a nonlinear generalization of the Langevin dynamics that incorporates a distribution-dependent drift, and it naturally arises from the optimization of two-layer neural networks via (noisy) gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Taiji Suzuki , Denny Wu , Atsushi Nitanda

We study the long time behavior of an underdamped mean-field Langevin (MFL) equation, and provide a general convergence as well as an exponential convergence rate result under different conditions. The results on the MFL equation can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Anna Kazeykina , Zhenjie Ren , Xiaolu Tan , Junjian Yang

We study zero-sum games in the space of probability distributions over the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$ with entropy regularization, in the setting when the interaction function between the players is smooth and strongly convex-strongly…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yang Cai , Siddharth Mitra , Xiuyuan Wang , Andre Wibisono

Mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) minimizes an entropy-regularized nonlinear convex functional defined over the space of probability distributions. MFLD has gained attention due to its connection with noisy gradient descent for mean-field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Atsushi Nitanda

We present the development and analysis of a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm designed to solve continuous-space mean field game (MFG) and mean field control (MFC) problems in a unified manner. The proposed approach pairs the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-07 Andrea Angiuli , Jean-Pierre Fouque , Ruimeng Hu , Alan Raydan

As an example of the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation, the mean field Langevin dynamics recently attracts attention due to its connection to (noisy) gradient descent on infinitely wide neural networks in the mean field regime, and hence the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-28 Atsushi Nitanda , Denny Wu , Taiji Suzuki

Probably one of the most striking examples of the close connections between global optimization processes and statistical physics is the simulated annealing method, inspired by the famous Monte Carlo algorithm devised by Metropolis et al.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-12 Lorenzo Pareschi

We investigate the convergence properties of a continuous-time optimization method, the \textit{Mean-Field Best Response} flow, for solving convex-concave min-max games with entropy regularization. We introduce suitable Lyapunov functions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Razvan-Andrei Lascu , Mateusz B. Majka , Łukasz Szpruch

Several important learning tasks can be formulated as minimizing an entropy-regularized objective over an appropriate space of probability distributions. Mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) facilitate computation in this general context,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zonghao Chen , Heishiro Kanagawa , François-Xavier Briol , Chris J. Oates , Lester Mackey

We propose a new method called the N-particle underdamped Langevin algorithm for optimizing a special class of non-linear functionals defined over the space of probability measures. Examples of problems with this formulation include…

Computation · Statistics 2024-02-07 Qiang Fu , Ashia Wilson

We consider discrete-time stationary mean field games (MFG) with unknown dynamics and design algorithms for finding the equilibrium with finite-time complexity guarantees. Prior solutions to the problem assume either the contraction of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-13 Sihan Zeng , Sujay Bhatt , Alec Koppel , Sumitra Ganesh

Langevin MCMC gradient optimization is a class of increasingly popular methods for estimating a posterior distribution. This paper addresses the algorithm as applied in a decentralized setting, wherein data is distributed across a network…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-22 Vyacheslav Kungurtsev

Finding Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum continuous games is a central problem in machine learning, e.g. for training both GANs and robust models. The existence of pure Nash equilibria requires strong conditions which are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Samy Jelassi , Arthur Mensch , Grant Rotskoff , Joan Bruna

Mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) is an optimization method derived by taking the mean-field limit of noisy gradient descent for two-layer neural networks in the mean-field regime. Recently, the propagation of chaos (PoC) for MFLD has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-19 Atsushi Nitanda , Anzelle Lee , Damian Tan Xing Kai , Mizuki Sakaguchi , Taiji Suzuki

Mean-field Langevin dynamics (MLFD) is a class of interacting particle methods that tackle convex optimization over probability measures on a manifold, which are scalable, versatile, and enjoy computational guarantees. However, some…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Guillaume Wang , Alireza Mousavi-Hosseini , Lénaïc Chizat

In this paper, we study the problem of finding mixed Nash equilibrium for mean-field two-player zero-sum games. Solving this problem requires optimizing over two probability distributions. We consider a quasistatic Wasserstein gradient flow…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Chao Ma , Lexing Ying

In this paper, we explore a general Aggregated Gradient Langevin Dynamics framework (AGLD) for the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. We investigate the nonasymptotic convergence of AGLD with a unified analysis for different data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Chao Zhang , Jiahao Xie , Zebang Shen , Peilin Zhao , Tengfei Zhou , Hui Qian

We propose two algorithms for the solution of the optimal control of ergodic McKean-Vlasov dynamics. Both algorithms are based on approximations of the theoretical solutions by neural networks, the latter being characterized by their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-30 René Carmona , Mathieu Laurière

Gradient flows play a substantial role in addressing many machine learning problems. We examine the convergence in continuous-time of a \textit{Fisher-Rao} (Mean-Field Birth-Death) gradient flow in the context of solving convex-concave…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-19 Razvan-Andrei Lascu , Mateusz B. Majka , Łukasz Szpruch
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