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Continual learning (CL) for Foundation Models (FMs) is an essential yet underexplored challenge, especially in Federated Continual Learning (FCL), where each client learns from a private, evolving task stream under strict data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Hao Yu , Xin Yang , Boyang Fan , Xuemei Cao , Hanlin Gu , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Continual Learning (CL) aims at incrementally learning new tasks without forgetting the knowledge acquired from old ones. Experience Replay (ER) is a simple and effective rehearsal-based strategy, which optimizes the model with current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tao Zhuo , Zhiyong Cheng , Zan Gao , Hehe Fan , Mohan Kankanhalli

The Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) Model is a recently proposed large-scale pre-train model which attracts increasing attention in the computer vision community. Benefiting from its gigantic image-text training set, the CLIP…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Yuxuan Ding , Lingqiao Liu , Chunna Tian , Jingyuan Yang , Haoxuan Ding

Continual learning aims to provide intelligent agents that are capable of learning continually a sequence of tasks, building on previously learned knowledge. A key challenge in this learning paradigm is catastrophically forgetting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Ghada Sokar , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Large Language Models (LMs) are known to encode world knowledge in their parameters as they pretrain on a vast amount of web corpus, which is often utilized for performing knowledge-dependent downstream tasks such as question answering,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Joel Jang , Seonghyeon Ye , Sohee Yang , Joongbo Shin , Janghoon Han , Gyeonghun Kim , Stanley Jungkyu Choi , Minjoon Seo

Continual learning (CL) is a particular machine learning paradigm where the data distribution and learning objective changes through time, or where all the training data and objective criteria are never available at once. The evolution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Timothée Lesort , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Andrei Stoian , Davide Maltoni , David Filliat , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

Current evaluations of Continual Learning (CL) methods typically assume that there is no constraint on training time and computation. This is an unrealistic assumption for any real-world setting, which motivates us to propose: a practical…

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality images thanks to their novel training procedures applied to unprecedented amounts of data. However, training a diffusion model from scratch is computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Michał Zając , Kamil Deja , Anna Kuzina , Jakub M. Tomczak , Tomasz Trzciński , Florian Shkurti , Piotr Miłoś

The challenging deployment of compute- and memory-intensive methods from Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based Continual Learning (CL) underscores the critical need for a paradigm shift towards more efficient approaches. Neuromorphic Continual…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mishal Fatima Minhas , Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Falah Awwad , Osman Hasan , Muhammad Shafique

Deep neural networks, despite their remarkable success, remain fundamentally limited in their ability to perform Continual Learning (CL). While most current methods aim to enhance the capabilities of a single model, Inspired by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Aojun Lu , Junchao Ke , Chunhui Ding , Jiahao Fan , Jiancheng Lv , Yanan Sun

Imitation learning (IL) is a general learning paradigm for tackling sequential decision-making problems. Interactive imitation learning, where learners can interactively query for expert demonstrations, has been shown to achieve provably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yichen Li , Chicheng Zhang

Scenarios in which restrictions in data transfer and storage limit the possibility to compose a single dataset -- also exploiting different data sources -- to perform a batch-based training procedure, make the development of robust models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Lorenzo Pellegrini , Guido Borghi , Annalisa Franco , Davide Maltoni

Online continual learning (OCL) involves deep neural networks retaining knowledge from old data while adapting to new data, which is accessible only once. A critical challenge in OCL is catastrophic forgetting, reflected in reduced model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Huiwei Lin

A fundamental challenge in Continual Learning (CL) is catastrophic forgetting, where adapting to new tasks degrades the performance on previous ones. While the field has evolved with diverse methods, this rapid surge in diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Wenbin Li , Shangge Liu , Borui Kang , Yiyang Chen , KaXuan Lew , Yang Chen , Yinghuan Shi , Lei Wang , Yang Gao , Jiebo Luo

Continual learning on graph data has recently attracted paramount attention for its aim to resolve the catastrophic forgetting problem on existing tasks while adapting the sequentially updated model to newly emerged graph tasks. While there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xikun Zhang , Dongjin Song , Dacheng Tao

Current deep learning models often suffer from catastrophic forgetting of old knowledge when continually learning new knowledge. Existing strategies to alleviate this issue often fix the trade-off between keeping old knowledge (stability)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Kanghao Chen , Sijia Liu , Ruixuan Wang , Wei-Shi Zheng

Learning continuously during all model lifetime is fundamental to deploy machine learning solutions robust to drifts in the data distribution. Advances in Continual Learning (CL) with recurrent neural networks could pave the way to a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Andrea Cossu , Antonio Carta , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Davide Bacciu

Continual Learning (CL) and Streaming Machine Learning (SML) study the ability of agents to learn from a stream of non-stationary data. Despite sharing some similarities, they address different and complementary challenges. While SML…

Continual learning (CL) is a technique that enables neural networks to constantly adapt to their dynamic surroundings. Despite being overlooked for a long time, this technology can considerably address the customized needs of users in edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zeqing Wang , Fei Cheng , Kangye Ji , Bohu Huang

Continual Learning (CL) aims to enable models to continuously acquire new knowledge from a sequence of tasks with avoiding the forgetting of learned information. However, existing CL methods only rely on the parameters of the most recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Haomiao Qiu , Miao Zhang , Ziyue Qiao , Liqiang Nie