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Machine translation systems achieve near human-level performance on some languages, yet their effectiveness strongly relies on the availability of large amounts of parallel sentences, which hinders their applicability to the majority of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Guillaume Lample , Myle Ott , Alexis Conneau , Ludovic Denoyer , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

As people increasingly use AI systems in work and daily life, feedback mechanisms that help them use AI responsibly are urgently needed, particularly in settings where users are not equipped to assess the quality of AI predictions. We study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dayeon Ki , Kevin Duh , Marine Carpuat

We present the contribution of the Unbabel team to the WMT 2019 Shared Task on Quality Estimation. We participated on the word, sentence, and document-level tracks, encompassing 3 language pairs: English-German, English-Russian, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Fabio Kepler , Jonay Trénous , Marcos Treviso , Miguel Vera , António Góis , M. Amin Farajian , António V. Lopes , André F. T. Martins

Insufficient modeling of human preferences within the reward model is a major obstacle for leveraging human feedback to improve translation quality. Fortunately, quality estimation (QE), which predicts the quality of a given translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Zhiwei He , Xing Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

We present the joint contribution of IST and Unbabel to the WMT 2022 Shared Task on Quality Estimation (QE). Our team participated on all three subtasks: (i) Sentence and Word-level Quality Prediction; (ii) Explainable QE; and (iii)…

This paper addresses automatic quality assessment of spoken language translation (SLT). This relatively new task is defined and formalized as a sequence labeling problem where each word in the SLT hypothesis is tagged as good or bad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-02 Ngoc-Tien Le , Benjamin Lecouteux , Laurent Besacier

Machine Translation Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of evaluating translation output in the absence of human-written references. Due to the scarcity of human-labeled QE data, previous works attempted to utilize the abundant unlabeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Baopu Qiu , Liang Ding , Di Wu , Lin Shang , Yibing Zhan , Dacheng Tao

Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of automatically predicting Machine Translation quality in the absence of reference translations, making it applicable in real-time settings, such as translating online social media conversations. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Amit Gajbhiye , Marina Fomicheva , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Frédéric Blain , Abiola Obamuyide , Nikolaos Aletras , Lucia Specia

Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) measures the meaning similarity of sentences. Applications include machine translation (MT), summarization, generation, question answering (QA), short answer grading, semantic search, dialog and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-02 Daniel Cer , Mona Diab , Eneko Agirre , Iñigo Lopez-Gazpio , Lucia Specia

While modern machine translation has relied on large parallel corpora, a recent line of work has managed to train Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems from monolingual corpora only (Artetxe et al., 2018c; Lample et al., 2018). Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Mikel Artetxe , Gorka Labaka , Eneko Agirre

In recent years, sentiment analysis has gained significant importance in natural language processing. However, most existing models and datasets for sentiment analysis are developed for high-resource languages, such as English and Chinese,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Daniil Homskiy , Narek Maloyan

Quality Estimation (QE) plays an essential role in applications of Machine Translation (MT). Traditionally, a QE system accepts the original source text and translation from a black-box MT system as input. Recently, a few studies indicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Ke Wang , Yangbin Shi , Jiayi Wang , Yuqi Zhang , Yu Zhao , Xiaolin Zheng

The use of large language models (LLMs) for evaluating outputs is becoming an increasingly effective and scalable approach. However, it remains uncertain whether this capability extends beyond task-specific evaluations to more general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Rhitabrat Pokharel , Ameeta Agrawal

General Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning, but those enhanced for translation struggle with reasoning tasks. To address this, we propose a novel translationenhanced recipe that begins with instruct models and applies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Changjiang Gao , Zixian Huang , Jingyang Gong , Shujian Huang , Lei Li , Fei Yuan

Machine Translation Quality Estimation (QE) is a task of predicting the quality of machine translations without relying on any reference. Recently, the predictor-estimator framework trains the predictor as a feature extractor, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Qu Cui , Shujian Huang , Jiahuan Li , Xiang Geng , Zaixiang Zheng , Guoping Huang , Jiajun Chen

This preliminary study investigates the usefulness of sentence-level Quality Estimation (QE) in English-Chinese Machine Translation Post-Editing (MTPE), focusing on its impact on post-editing speed and student translators' perceptions. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Siqi Liu , Guangrong Dai , Dechao Li

Automatic evaluation metrics are essential for building multilingual translation systems. The common practice of evaluating these systems is averaging metric scores across languages, yet this is suspicious since metrics may suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jingxuan Liu , Zhi Qu , Jin Tei , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Lemao Liu , Taro Watanabe

This work presents a novel approach to Automatic Post-Editing (APE) and Word-Level Quality Estimation (QE) using ensembles of specialized Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems. Word-level features that have proven effective for QE are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Chris Hokamp

In this paper, we present our submissions to the unified WMT25 Translation Evaluation Shared Task. For the Quality Score Prediction subtask, we create a new generation of MetricX with improvements in the input format and the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Juraj Juraska , Tobias Domhan , Mara Finkelstein , Tetsuji Nakagawa , Geza Kovacs , Daniel Deutsch , Pidong Wang , Markus Freitag

Automatic evaluation of machine translation (MT) is a critical tool driving the rapid iterative development of MT systems. While considerable progress has been made on estimating a single scalar quality score, current metrics lack the…