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Causal relationships among a set of variables are commonly represented by a directed acyclic graph. The orientations of some edges in the causal DAG can be discovered from observational/interventional data. Further edges can be oriented by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Ramin Safaeian , Saber Salehkaleybar , Mahmoud Tabandeh

Many real-world decision-making tasks require learning causal relationships between a set of variables. Traditional causal discovery methods, however, require that all variables are observed, which is often not feasible in practical…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-27 Raj Agrawal , Chandler Squires , Neha Prasad , Caroline Uhler

Directed acyclic graph (DAG) models are widely used to represent causal relationships among random variables in many application domains. This paper studies a special class of non-Gaussian DAG models, where the conditional variance of each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-03 Wei Zhou , Xin He , Wei Zhong , Junhui Wang

We develop a necessary and sufficient causal identification criterion for maximally oriented partially directed acyclic graphs (MPDAGs). MPDAGs as a class of graphs include directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), completed partially directed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Emilija Perković

Discovering causal structure among a set of variables is a fundamental problem in many empirical sciences. Traditional score-based casual discovery methods rely on various local heuristics to search for a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Shengyu Zhu , Ignavier Ng , Zhitang Chen

Bayesian networks (BN) are directed acyclic graphical (DAG) models that have been adopted into many fields for their strengths in transparency, interpretability, probabilistic reasoning, and causal modeling. Given a set of data, one hurdle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Christian D. Blakely

In the estimation of causal effects, one common method for removing the influence of confounders is to adjust the variables that satisfy the back-door criterion. However, it is not always possible to uniquely determine sets of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Atsushi Noda , Takashi Isozaki

Causal discovery from observational and interventional data is challenging due to limited data and non-identifiability: factors that introduce uncertainty in estimating the underlying structural causal model (SCM). Selecting experiments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Panagiotis Tigas , Yashas Annadani , Andrew Jesson , Bernhard Schölkopf , Yarin Gal , Stefan Bauer

Learning DAG structures from purely observational data remains a long-standing challenge across scientific domains. An emerging line of research leverages the score of the data distribution to initially identify a topological order of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Vy Vo , He Zhao , Trung Le , Edwin V. Bonilla , Dinh Phung

We consider the problem of recovering the true causal structure among a set of variables, generated by a linear acyclic structural equation model (SEM) with the error terms being independent, not necessarily Gaussian, and having equal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Anamitra Chaudhuri , Yang Ni , Anirban Bhattacharya

Telling apart the cause and effect between two random variables with purely observational data is a challenging problem that finds applications in various scientific disciplines. A key principle utilized in this task is the algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Quang-Duy Tran , Bao Duong , Phuoc Nguyen , Thin Nguyen

Causal discovery combines data with knowledge provided by experts to learn the DAG representing the causal relationships between a given set of variables. When data are scarce, bagging is used to measure our confidence in an average DAG…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-19 Alessio Zanga , Marco Scutari , Fabio Stella

Causal discovery from empirical data is a fundamental problem in many scientific domains. Observational data allows for identifiability only up to Markov equivalence class. In this paper we first propose a polynomial time algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Kevin Bello , Jean Honorio

Algorithms for constraint-based causal discovery select graphical causal models among a space of possible candidates (e.g., all directed acyclic graphs) by executing a sequence of conditional independence tests. These may be used to inform…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-19 Ting-Hsuan Chang , Zijian Guo , Daniel Malinsky

We study the problem of causal discovery through targeted interventions. Starting from few observational measurements, we follow a Bayesian active learning approach to perform those experiments which, in expectation with respect to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-10 Julius von Kügelgen , Paul K Rubenstein , Bernhard Schölkopf , Adrian Weller

Graph-based causal discovery methods aim to capture conditional independencies consistent with the observed data and differentiate causal relationships from indirect or induced ones. Successful construction of graphical models of data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-08 Boris Hayete , Fred Gruber , Anna Decker , Raymond Yan

Our motivation stems from current medical research aiming at personalized treatment using a molecular-based approach. The broad goal is to develop a more precise and targeted decision making process, relative to traditional treatments based…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-27 Federico Castelletti , Guido Consonni

We consider the problem of inferring the directed, causal graph from observational data, assuming no hidden confounders. We take an information theoretic approach, and make three main contributions. First, we show how through algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-07 Alexander Marx , Jilles Vreeken

We consider the problem of estimating the differences between two causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) models with a shared topological order given i.i.d. samples from each model. This is of interest for example in genomics, where changes in…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-08 Yuhao Wang , Chandler Squires , Anastasiya Belyaeva , Caroline Uhler

We study a family of regularized score-based estimators for learning the structure of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) for a multivariate normal distribution from high-dimensional data with $p\gg n$. Our main results establish support…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Bryon Aragam , Arash A. Amini , Qing Zhou
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