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Scientific testing techniques are essential for ensuring the safe operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs), with high-risk, highly interactive scenarios being a primary focus. To address the limitations of existing testing methods, such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yicheng Guo , Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Hao Zhang , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

The generation of safety-critical scenarios in simulation has become increasingly crucial for safety evaluation in autonomous vehicles prior to road deployment in society. However, current approaches largely rely on predefined threat…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangfan Liu , Yongkang Guo , Fangzhi Zhong , Tianyuan Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Autonomous research agents can already run machine learning experiments without human supervision, but many rely on a narrow search strategy: they repeatedly modify one program and keep changes only when they improve the current best…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ahmadreza Jeddi , Minh Ngoc Le , Hakki C. Karaimer , Konstantinos G. Derpanis , Babak Taati

Automobiles for our roadways are increasingly using advanced driver assistance systems. The adoption of such new technologies requires us to develop novel perception systems not only for accurately understanding the situational context of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Siddharth Siddharth , Mohan M. Trivedi

Next generation cars embed intelligent assessment of car driving safety through innovative solutions often based on usage of artificial intelligence. The safety driving monitoring can be carried out using several methodologies widely…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-14 Francesco Rundo

Testing and evaluating the safety performance of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is essential before the large-scale deployment. Practically, the number of testing scenarios permissible for a specific AV is severely limited by tight constraints…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-06 Shu Li , Jingxuan Yang , Honglin He , Yi Zhang , Jianming Hu , Shuo Feng

Self-driving cars and trucks, autonomous vehicles (AVs), should not be accepted by regulatory bodies and the public until they have much higher confidence in their safety and reliability -- which can most practically and convincingly be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Ziyuan Zhong , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) must be sufficiently tested to ensure their safety. Though various ADS testing methods have shown promising results, they are limited to a fixed set of vehicle characteristics settings (VCSs). The impact of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Qi Pan , Tiexin Wang , Paolo Arcaini , Tao Yue , Shaukat Ali

With the rapid advancement of autonomous driving technology, self-driving cars have become a central focus in the development of future transportation systems. Scenario generation technology has emerged as a crucial tool for testing and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Canjie Cai

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is of utmost importance and testing them in simulated environments is a safer option than conducting in-field operational tests. However, generating an exhaustive test suite to identify…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti

Many modern cyber physical systems incorporate computer vision technologies, complex sensors and advanced control software, allowing them to interact with the environment autonomously. Testing such systems poses numerous challenges: not…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Dmytro Humeniuk , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

During the development of autonomous systems such as driverless cars, it is important to characterize the scenarios that are most likely to result in failure. Adaptive Stress Testing (AST) provides a way to search for the most-likely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Mark Koren , Mykel Kochenderfer

The assessment of safety performance plays a pivotal role in the development and deployment of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). A common approach involves designing testing scenarios based on prior knowledge of CAVs (e.g., surrogate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-01 Jingxuan Yang , Ruoxuan Bai , Haoyuan Ji , Yi Zhang , Jianming Hu , Shuo Feng

In this paper, we present ViSTA, a framework for Virtual Scenario-based Testing of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), developed as part of the 2021 IEEE Autonomous Test Driving AI Test Challenge. Scenario-based virtual testing aims to construct…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Andrea Piazzoni , Jim Cherian , Mohamed Azhar , Jing Yew Yap , James Lee Wei Shung , Roshan Vijay

Simulation-based testing of autonomous driving systems (ADS) must uncover realistic and diverse failures in dense, heterogeneous traffic. However, existing search-based seeding methods (e.g., genetic algorithms) struggle in high-dimensional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Linfeng Liang , Xiao Cheng , Tsong Yueh Chen , Xi Zheng

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) rely on Deep Neural Networks, allowing vehicles to navigate complex, open environments. However, the unpredictability of these scenarios highlights the need for rigorous system-level testing to ensure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hossein Yousefizadeh , Shenghui Gu , Lionel C. Briand , Ali Nasr

Machine learning based autonomous driving systems often face challenges with safety-critical scenarios that are rare in real-world data, hindering their large-scale deployment. While increasing real-world training data coverage could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Yuan Yin , Pegah Khayatan , Éloi Zablocki , Alexandre Boulch , Matthieu Cord

Collision avoidance systems can play a vital role in reducing the number of accidents and saving human lives. In this paper, we introduce and validate a novel method for vehicles reactive collision avoidance using evolutionary neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Hesham Eraqi , Youssef EmadEldin , Mohamed Moustafa

Extensive simulation-based testing is important for assuring the safety of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, generating safety-critical traffic scenarios remains challenging because failures often arise from rare, complex…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dmytro Humeniuk , Mohammad Hamdaqa , Houssem Ben Braiek , Amel Bennaceur , Foutse Khomh

Discovering hazardous scenarios is crucial in testing and further improving driving policies. However, conducting efficient driving policy testing faces two key challenges. On the one hand, the probability of naturally encountering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Weilin Liu , Ye Mu , Chao Yu , Xuefei Ning , Zhong Cao , Yi Wu , Shuang Liang , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang