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Recent advances in summary evaluation are based on model-based metrics to assess quality dimensions, such as completeness, conciseness, and faithfulness. However, these methods often require large language models, and predicted scores are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hongye Liu , Dhanajit Brahma , Ricardo Henao

Neural Collaborative Filtering models are widely used in recommender systems but are typically trained under static settings, assuming fixed data distributions. This limits their applicability in dynamic environments where user preferences…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yunxiao Shi , Shuo Yang , Haimin Zhang , Li Wang , Yongze Wang , Qiang Wu , Min Xu

We consider estimation procedures which are recursive in the sense that each successive estimator is obtained from the previous one by a simple adjustment. We propose a wide class of recursive estimation procedures for the general…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Teo Sharia

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on final-answer mathematical problems, largely due to the ease of applying reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. However, the reasoning underlying these solutions is often…

As the use of text-to-image generative models increases, so does the adoption of automatic benchmarking methods used in their evaluation. However, while metrics and datasets abound, there are few unified benchmarking libraries that provide…

A scoring system is a simple decision model that checks a set of features, adds a certain number of points to a total score for each feature that is satisfied, and finally makes a decision by comparing the total score to a threshold.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Jonas Hanselle , Stefan Heid , Johannes Fürnkranz , Eyke Hüllermeier

Accurate intent classification is critical for efficient routing in customer service, ensuring customers are connected with the most suitable agents while reducing handling times and operational costs. However, as companies expand their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ziji Zhang , Michael Yang , Zhiyu Chen , Yingying Zhuang , Shu-Ting Pi , Qun Liu , Rajashekar Maragoud , Vy Nguyen , Anurag Beniwal

As Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems evolve toward more sophisticated architectures, ensuring their trustworthiness through explainable and robust evaluation becomes critical. Existing scalar metrics suffer from limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Shiyan Liu , Jian Ma , Rui Qu

Despite Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) showing promising capability in leveraging external knowledge, a comprehensive evaluation of RAG systems is still challenging due to the modular nature of RAG, evaluation of long-form responses…

Existing Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) systems suffer from limited reference diversity, leading to underestimated evaluation and restricted model generalization. To address this issue, we introduce the Judge of Edit-Level Validity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yuhao Zhan , Yuqing Zhang , Jing Yuan , Qixiang Ma , Zhiqi Yang , Yu Gu , Zemin Liu , Fei Wu

Multi-modal generative document parsing systems challenge traditional evaluation: unlike deterministic OCR or layout models, they often produce semantically correct yet structurally divergent outputs. Conventional metrics-CER, WER, IoU, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Renyu Li , Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Yao You , Kamil Pluciński , Maximilian Operlejn , Crag Wolfe

Using LLMs for Multi-Document Topic Extraction has recently gained popularity due to their apparent high-quality outputs, expressiveness, and ease of use. However, most existing evaluation practices are not designed for LLM-generated topics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Itamar Trainin , Omri Abend

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a widely adopted approach for enhancing LLMs in scenarios that demand extensive factual knowledge. However, current RAG evaluations concentrate primarily on correctness, which may not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Vinh Nguyen , Cuong Dang , Jiahao Zhang , Hoa Tran , Minh Tran , Trinh Chau , Thai Le , Lu Cheng , Suhang Wang

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems now reach near human agreement on some public benchmarks, yet real-world adoption, especially in high-stakes examinations, remains limited. A principal obstacle is that most models output a single score…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ahmed Karim , Qiao Wang , Zheng Yuan

Semantic segmentation is critical for scene understanding but demands costly pixel-wise annotations, attracting increasing attention to semi-supervised approaches to leverage abundant unlabeled data. While semi-supervised segmentation is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Steven Landgraf , Markus Hillemann , Markus Ulrich

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were introduced by the United Nations in order to encourage policies and activities that help guarantee human prosperity and sustainability. SDG frameworks produced in the finance industry are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Qingzhi Hu , Daniel Daza , Laurens Swinkels , Kristina Ūsaitė , Robbert-Jan 't Hoen , Paul Groth

Most research in the area of automatic essay grading (AEG) is geared towards scoring the essay holistically while there has also been some work done on scoring individual essay traits. In this paper, we describe a way to score essays…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Rahul Kumar , Sandeep Mathias , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Diffusion models now generate high-quality, diverse samples, with an increasing focus on more powerful models. Although ensembling is a well-known way to improve supervised models, its application to unconditional score-based diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Raphaël Razafindralambo , Rémy Sun , Frédéric Precioso , Damien Garreau , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

Score matching is an estimation procedure that has been developed for statistical models whose probability density function is known up to proportionality but whose normalizing constant is intractable, so that maximum likelihood is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Jiazhen Xu , Janice L. Scealy , Andrew T. A. Wood , Tao Zou

Accurately assessing software vulnerabilities is essential for effective prioritization and remediation. While various scoring systems exist to support this task, their differing goals, methodologies and outputs often lead to inconsistent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Viktoria Koscinski , Mark Nelson , Ahmet Okutan , Robert Falso , Mehdi Mirakhorli