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Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising solutions for a variety of medical and clinical decision support applications. However, LLMs are often subject to different types of biases, which can lead to unfair treatment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Raphael Poulain , Hamed Fayyaz , Rahmatollah Beheshti

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have evolved from general-purpose applications to specialized use cases such as in the clinical domain, demonstrating potential for decision support in radiology. One promising application is assisting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zhifan Jiang , Dong Yang , Vishwesh Nath , Abhijeet Parida , Nishad P. Kulkarni , Ziyue Xu , Daguang Xu , Syed Muhammad Anwar , Holger R. Roth , Marius George Linguraru

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the drug discovery and development field marks a significant paradigm shift, offering novel methodologies for understanding disease mechanisms, facilitating drug discovery, and optimizing…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Yizhen Zheng , Huan Yee Koh , Maddie Yang , Li Li , Lauren T. May , Geoffrey I. Webb , Shirui Pan , George Church

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered in a new era for design science in Information Systems, demanding a paradigm shift in tailoring LLMs design for business contexts. We propose and test a novel framework to customize…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Wen Wang , Zhenyue Zhao , Tianshu Sun

Medical dialogue systems have attracted growing research attention as they have the potential to provide rapid diagnoses, treatment plans, and health consultations. In medical dialogues, a proper diagnosis is crucial as it establishes the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Kaishuai Xu , Wenjun Hou , Yi Cheng , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet aligning them efficiently and effectively with human expectations remains a critical challenge. This thesis advances LLM alignment by introducing novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuxin Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention for potential applications in digital health, while their application in mental health is subject to ongoing debate. This systematic review aims to evaluate the usage of LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Zhijun Guo , Alvina Lai , Johan Hilge Thygesen , Joseph Farrington , Thomas Keen , Kezhi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success in supporting a wide range of knowledge-intensive tasks. In specialized domains, there is growing interest in leveraging LLMs to assist subject matter experts with domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Aman Kumar , Ekant Muljibhai Amin , Xian Yeow Lee , Lasitha Vidyaratne , Ahmed K. Farahat , Dipanjan D. Ghosh , Yuta Koreeda , Chetan Gupta

LLM-based agents have emerged as transformative tools capable of executing complex tasks through iterative planning and action, achieving significant advancements in understanding and addressing user needs. Yet, their effectiveness remains…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mithat Can Ozgun , Jiahuan Pei , Koen Hindriks , Lucia Donatelli , Qingzhi Liu , Junxiao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) prompted to generate chain-of-thought (CoT) exhibit impressive reasoning capabilities. Recent attempts at prompt decomposition toward solving complex, multi-step reasoning problems depend on the ability of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Gurusha Juneja , Subhabrata Dutta , Soumen Chakrabarti , Sunny Manchanda , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Europe's healthcare systems require enhanced interoperability and digitalization, driving a demand for innovative solutions to process legacy clinical data. This paper presents the results of our project, which aims to leverage Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Aynur Guluzade , Naguib Heiba , Zeyd Boukhers , Florim Hamiti , Jahid Hasan Polash , Yehya Mohamad , Carlos A Velasco

Background: Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) offer potential benefits in healthcare, particularly in processing extensive patient records. However, existing benchmarks do not fully assess LLMs' capability in handling…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential of facilitating the development of Artificial Intelligence technology to assist medical experts for interactive decision support, which has been demonstrated by their competitive performances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Iñigo Alonso , Maite Oronoz , Rodrigo Agerri

Clinical decision-making depends on expert reasoning, which is guided by standardized, evidence-based guidelines. However, translating these guidelines into automated clinical decision support systems risks inaccuracy and importantly, loss…

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in biomedicine but lack true causal understanding, relying instead on correlations. This paper envisions causal LLM agents that integrate multimodal data (text, images, genomics, etc.) and perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Adib Bazgir , Amir Habibdoust Lafmajani , Yuwen Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are evolving at an unprecedented pace and have exhibited considerable capability in the realm of natural language processing (NLP) with world knowledge. Benefiting from ultra-large-scale training corpora, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Qiushi Sun , Zhangyue Yin , Xiang Li , Zhiyong Wu , Xipeng Qiu , Lingpeng Kong

Extracting structured information from clinical notes requires navigating a dense web of interdependent variables where the value of one attribute logically constrains others. Existing Large Language Model (LLM)-based extraction pipelines…

Matching patients to clinical trials is a key unsolved challenge in bringing new drugs to market. Today, identifying patients who meet a trial's eligibility criteria is highly manual, taking up to 1 hour per patient. Automated screening is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Michael Wornow , Alejandro Lozano , Dev Dash , Jenelle Jindal , Kenneth W. Mahaffey , Nigam H. Shah

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant progress in various domains, including healthcare. However, the specialized nature of clinical language understanding tasks presents unique challenges and limitations that warrant further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Yuqing Wang , Yun Zhao , Linda Petzold