English
Related papers

Related papers: Towards Accurate Differential Diagnosis with Large…

200 papers

Automatic differential diagnosis (DDx) is an essential medical task that generates a list of potential diseases as differentials based on patient symptom descriptions. In practice, interpreting these differential diagnoses yields…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Shuang Zhou , Mingquan Lin , Sirui Ding , Jiashuo Wang , Genevieve B. Melton , James Zou , Rui Zhang

An accurate differential diagnosis (DDx) is essential for patient care, shaping therapeutic decisions and influencing outcomes. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising tools to support this process by generating a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Seungseop Lim , Gibaeg Kim , Hyunkyung Lee , Wooseok Han , Jean Seo , Jaehyo Yoo , Eunho Yang

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) utilize evidence-based knowledge and patient data to offer real-time recommendations, with Large Language Models (LLMs) emerging as a promising tool to generate plain-text explanations for medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 D. Umerenkov , G. Zubkova , A. Nesterov

Differential Diagnosis (DDx) is a fundamental yet complex aspect of clinical decision-making, in which physicians iteratively refine a ranked list of possible diseases based on symptoms, antecedents, and medical knowledge. While recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Daniel Rose , Chia-Chien Hung , Marco Lepri , Israa Alqassem , Kiril Gashteovski , Carolin Lawrence

Explainable disease diagnosis, which leverages patient information (e.g., signs and symptoms) and computational models to generate probable diagnoses and reasonings, offers clear clinical values. However, when clinical notes encompass…

Differential diagnosis is crucial for medicine as it helps healthcare providers systematically distinguish between conditions that share similar symptoms. This study assesses the impact of lab test results on differential diagnoses (DDx)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Balu Bhasuran , Qiao Jin , Yuzhang Xie , Carl Yang , Karim Hanna , Jennifer Costa , Cindy Shavor , Zhiyong Lu , Zhe He

We propose a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for mental health diagnosis that combines the strengths of large language models (LLMs) and constraint logic programming (CLP). Having a CDSS is important because of the high complexity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Brian Hyeongseok Kim , Chao Wang

Importance: We introduce a novel Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)-Large Language Model (LLM) framework as a Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) to support safe medication prescription. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of…

Medical document analysis plays a crucial role in extracting essential clinical insights from unstructured healthcare records, supporting critical tasks such as differential diagnosis. Determining the most probable condition among…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Lei Kang , Xuanshuo Fu , Oriol Ramos Terrades , Javier Vazquez-Corral , Ernest Valveny , Dimosthenis Karatzas

Diagnostic prediction and clinical reasoning are critical tasks in healthcare applications. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in commonsense reasoning, they still struggle with diagnostic reasoning due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yimin Deng , Zhenxi Lin , Yejing Wang , Guoshuai Zhao , Pengyue Jia , Zichuan Fu , Derong Xu , Yefeng Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao , Li Zhu , Xian Wu , Xueming Qian

The development of large language models (LLMs) has brought unprecedented possibilities for artificial intelligence (AI) based medical diagnosis. However, the application perspective of LLMs in real diagnostic scenarios is still unclear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhoujian Sun , Cheng Luo , Ziyi Liu , Zhengxing Huang

Individuals with fine motor impairments, such as those caused by conditions like Parkinson's disease, cerebral palsy, or dyspraxia, face significant challenges in interacting with traditional computer interfaces. Historically, scripted…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Shridhar Mehendale , Ankit Walishetti

Medical Decision-Making (MDM) is a multi-faceted process that requires clinicians to assess complex multi-modal patient data patient, often collaboratively. Large Language Models (LLMs) promise to streamline this process by synthesizing…

Automatic disease diagnosis has become increasingly valuable in clinical practice. The advent of large language models (LLMs) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence, with growing evidence supporting the efficacy of LLMs…

Mental health disorders represent a burgeoning global public health challenge. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in psychiatric assessment, their clinical utility is severely constrained by benchmarks that lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiao Sun , Yuming Yang , Junnan Zhu , Jiang Zhong , Xinyu Zhou , Kaiwen Wei

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) provide reasoning and inquiry guidance for physicians, yet they face notable challenges, including high maintenance costs and low generalization capability. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yue Guo , Fanfu Wang , Jianwei Lv , Xincheng Shi , Yuchen Li , Youya Wang , Yunsheng Zeng , Yujing Liu , Yunhao Qiao , Gen Li , Junfeng Wang , Bo Yuan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results in medical diagnosis, with some studies indicating superior performance compared to human physicians in specific scenarios. However, the diagnostic capabilities of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Zhoujian Sun , Ziyi Liu , Cheng Luo , Jiebin Chu , Zhengxing Huang

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in mimicking human-level language comprehension and reasoning. This has sparked significant interest in applying LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Mingze Yuan , Peng Bao , Jiajia Yuan , Yunhao Shen , Zifan Chen , Yi Xie , Jie Zhao , Yang Chen , Li Zhang , Lin Shen , Bin Dong

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of global disability, yet current diagnostic approaches often rely on subjective assessments and lack the ability to integrate multimodal clinical information. Large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuyang Sha , Hongxin Pan , Gang Luo , Caijuan Shi , Jing Wang , Kefeng Li

This research tests the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) as formal second opinion tools in professional decision-making, particularly focusing on complex medical cases where even experienced physicians seek peer consultation. The work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 David Noever
‹ Prev 1 2 3 10 Next ›