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While the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is essential for decarbonizing the transportation system, the production and distribution of EVs entail substantial carbon costs. To ensure these emissions are accurately accounted for and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-11 Tareq Alsaleh , Bilal Farooq

Organizations increasingly need to reassess their supply chain strategies in the rapidly modernizing world towards sustainability. This is particularly true in the United States, where supply chains are very extensive and consume a large…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-22 MD Rokibul Hasan

Climate change and global warming have been trending topics worldwide since the Eco-92 conference. However, little progress has been made in reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs). The problems and challenges related to emissions are complex and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Victor de A. Xavier , Felipe M. G. França , Priscila M. V. Lima

This paper examines the integration of AI's carbon footprint into the risk management frameworks (RMFs) of the banking sector, emphasising its importance in aligning with sustainability goals and regulatory requirements. As AI becomes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Nataliya Tkachenko

The carbon footprint of algorithms must be measured and transparently reported so computer scientists can take an honest and active role in environmental sustainability. In this paper, we take analyses usually applied at the industrial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Kadan Lottick , Silvia Susai , Sorelle A. Friedler , Jonathan P. Wilson

The rapid advancement of AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), has raised significant concerns about the energy use and carbon emissions associated with model training and inference. However, existing tools for measuring and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hongzhen Huang , Kunming Zhang , Hanlong Liao , Kui Wu , Guoming Tang

This study investigates the efficient strategies for supply chain network optimization, specifically aimed at reducing industrial carbon emissions. Amidst escalating concerns about global climate change, industry sectors are motivated to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-04-29 Jihu Lei

The proliferation of software and AI comes with a hidden risk: its growing energy and carbon footprint. As concerns regarding environmental sustainability come to the forefront, understanding and optimizing how software impacts the…

Data centers are carbon-intensive enterprises due to their massive energy consumption, and it is estimated that data center industry will account for 8\% of global carbon emissions by 2030. However, both technological and policy instruments…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhiwei Cao , Xin Zhou , Han Hu , Zhi Wang , Yonggang Wen

Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly through the advent of large-scale generative AI (GenAI) models such as Large Language Models (LLMs), has become a transformative element in contemporary technology. While these models have unlocked…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Sung Une Lee , Yue Liu , Zhenchang Xing

Corporate Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission targets are important metrics in sustainable investing [12, 16]. To provide a comprehensive view of company emission objectives, we propose an approach to source these metrics from company public…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-07 Aditya Dave , Mengchen Zhu , Dapeng Hu , Sachin Tiwari

Generative AI is spreading rapidly, creating significant social and economic value while also raising concerns about its high energy use and environmental sustainability. While prior studies have predominantly focused on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Min-Kyu Kim , Tae-An Yoo , Ji-Bum Chung

Carbon emissions significantly contribute to climate change, and carbon credits have emerged as a key tool for mitigating environmental damage and helping organizations manage their carbon footprint. Despite their growing importance across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qingwen Zeng , Hanlin Xu , Nanjun Xu , Zhenghao Zhao , Joakim Westerholm , Flora Salim , Junbin Gao , Huaming Chen

Purpose : Planning a transition towards sustainable carbon neutrality at the organization level raises several accounting challenges. This paper aims to shed light on key challenges, highlight answers from current accounting standards and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-22 Anne de Bortoli , Anders Bjorn , Francois Saunier , Manuele Margni

Climate change and global warming are the significant challenges of the new century. A viable solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions is via a globally incentivized market mechanism proposed in the Kyoto protocol. In this view, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Soheil Saraji , Mike Borowczak

The latest trends in the adoption of cloud, edge, and distributed computing, as well as a rise in applying AI/ML workloads, have created a need to measure, monitor, and reduce the carbon emissions of these compute-intensive workloads and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Jacob Goldverg , Hasibul Jamil , Elvis Rodriguez , Tevfik Kosar

In recent years, large-scale auto-regressive models have made significant progress in various tasks, such as text or video generation. However, the environmental impact of these models has been largely overlooked, with a lack of assessment…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Zhaojian Yu , Yinghao Wu , Zhuotao Deng , Yansong Tang , Xiao-Ping Zhang

As AI and web agents become pervasive in decision-making, it is critical to design intelligent systems that not only support sustainability efforts but also guard against misinformation. Greenwashing, i.e., misleading corporate…

Cumulative emissions accounting for carbon-dioxide (CO2) is founded on recognition that global warming in Earth System Models (ESMs) is roughly proportional to cumulative CO2 emissions, regardless of emissions pathway. However, cumulative…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Ashwin K Seshadri

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to unprecedented computational demands, raising significant environmental and ethical concerns. This paper critiques the prevailing reliance on large-scale, static datasets and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 KC Santosh , Rodrigue Rizk , Longwei Wang