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This paired article aims to develop an automated and programmable biochemical fully connected neural network (BFCNN) with solid theoretical support. In Part I, a concrete design for BFCNN is presented, along with the validation of the…
Molecular circuits capable of autonomous learning could unlock novel applications in fields such as bioengineering and synthetic biology. To this end, existing chemical implementations of neural computing have mainly relied on emulating…
This paper is concerned with programming adaptive linear neural networks (ALNNs) using chemical reaction networks (CRNs) equipped with mass-action kinetics. Through individually programming the forward propagation and the backpropagation of…
Many important phenomena in biochemistry and biology exploit dynamical features such as multi-stability, oscillations, and chaos. Construction of novel chemical systems with such rich dynamics is a challenging problem central to the fields…
Artificial neural networks (NNs) can be implemented using chemical reaction networks (CRNs), where the concentrations of species act as inputs and outputs. In such biochemical computing, noise-robust computing is crucial due to the…
In order to fully exploit the potential of molecular communication (MC) for intra-body communication, practically implementable cellular receivers are an important long-term goal. A variety of receiver architectures based on chemical…
Biological regulatory networks depend upon chemical interactions to process information. Engineering such molecular computing systems is a major challenge for synthetic biology and related fields. The chemical reaction network (CRN) model…
Embedding computation in biochemical environments incompatible with traditional electronics is expected to have wide-ranging impact in synthetic biology, medicine, nanofabrication and other fields. Natural biochemical systems are typically…
Chemical reactions occur in energy, environmental, biological, and many other natural systems, and the inference of the reaction networks is essential to understand and design the chemical processes in engineering and life sciences. Yet,…
In this paper, it is presented a methodology for implementing arbitrarily constructed time-homogenous Markov chains with biochemical systems. Not only discrete but also continuous-time Markov chains are allowed to be computed. By employing…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) model the behavior of molecules in a well-mixed system. The emerging field of molecular programming uses CRNs not only as a descriptive tool, but as a programming language for chemical computation.…
Key processes in biological and chemical systems are described by networks of chemical reactions. From molecular biology to biotechnology applications, computational models of reaction networks are used extensively to elucidate their…
We present two quantitative behavioral equivalences over species of a chemical reaction network (CRN) with semantics based on ordinary differential equations. Forward CRN bisimulation identifies a partition where each equivalence class…
Genes are fundamental for analyzing biological systems and many recent works proposed to utilize gene expression for various biological tasks by deep learning models. Despite their promising performance, it is hard for deep neural networks…
Formal methods have enabled breakthroughs in many fields, such as in hardware verification, machine learning and biological systems. The key object of interest in systems biology, synthetic biology, and molecular programming is chemical…
Synthetic biology is a rapidly emerging research area, with expected wide-ranging impact in biology, nanofabrication, and medicine. A key technical challenge lies in embedding computation in molecular contexts where electronic…
Biomolecular networks underpin emerging technologies in synthetic biology-from robust biomanufacturing and metabolic engineering to smart therapeutics and cell-based diagnostics-and also provide a mechanistic language for understanding…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) formally model chemistry in a well-mixed solution. CRNs are widely used to describe information processing occurring in natural cellular regulatory networks, and with upcoming advances in synthetic biology,…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) model the behavior of chemical reactions in well-mixed solutions and they can be designed to perform computations. In this tutorial we give an overview of various computational models for CRNs. Moreover, we…
Improving the efficiency of current neural networks and modeling them in biological neural systems have become popular research directions in recent years. Pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN) is a well applicated model for imitating the…