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Data-driven decision support tools play an increasingly central role in decision-making across various domains. In this work, we focus on binary classification models for predicting positive-outcome scores and deciding on resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Simon De Vos , Jente Van Belle , Andres Algaba , Wouter Verbeke , Sam Verboven

Accurate calibration of probabilistic predictive models learned is critical for many practical prediction and decision-making tasks. There are two main categories of methods for building calibrated classifiers. One approach is to develop…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-16 Mahdi Pakdaman Naeini , Gregory F. Cooper , Milos Hauskrecht

Probability forecasts of events are routinely used in climate predictions, in forecasting default probabilities on bank loans or in estimating the probability of a patient's positive response to treatment. Scoring rules have long been used…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-24 Tze Leung Lai , Shulamith T. Gross , David Bo Shen

Motivated by the Basel 3 regulations, recent studies have considered joint forecasts of Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall. A large family of scoring functions can be used to evaluate forecast performance in this context. However, little…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2017-05-15 Johanna F. Ziegel , Fabian Krüger , Alexander Jordan , Fernando Fasciati

Scoring functions are used to evaluate and compare partially probabilistic forecasts. We investigate the use of rank-sum functions such as empirical Area Under the Curve (AUC), a widely-used measure of classification performance, as a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-31 Simon Byrne

What does it mean to say that, for example, the probability for rain tomorrow is between 20% and 30%? The theory for the evaluation of precise probabilistic forecasts is well-developed and is grounded in the key concepts of proper scoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Christian Fröhlich , Robert C. Williamson

For personalized ranking models, the well-calibrated probability of an item being preferred by a user has great practical value. While existing work shows promising results in image classification, probability calibration has not been much…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Wonbin Kweon , SeongKu Kang , Hwanjo Yu

A set of probabilistic predictions is well calibrated if the events that are predicted to occur with probability p do in fact occur about p fraction of the time. Well calibrated predictions are particularly important when machine learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-14 Mahdi Pakdaman Naeini , Gregory F. Cooper , Milos Hauskrecht

Probabilistic forecasts are becoming more and more available. How should they be used and communicated? What are the obstacles to their use in practice? I review experience with five problems where probabilistic forecasting played an…

Applications · Statistics 2014-08-22 Adrian E. Raftery

Proper scoring rules are an essential tool to assess the predictive performance of probabilistic forecasts. However, propriety alone does not ensure an informative characterization of predictive performance and it is recommended to compare…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-14 Romain Pic , Clément Dombry , Philippe Naveau , Maxime Taillardat

Binary classification is highly used in credit scoring in the estimation of probability of default. The validation of such predictive models is based both on rank ability, and also on calibration (i.e. how accurately the probabilities…

Econometrics · Economics 2017-10-25 Pedro G. Fonseca , Hugo D. Lopes

The predictability of errors in deterministic temperature forecasts is investigated. More precisely, the aim is to issue warnings whenever the differences between forecast and verification exceed a given threshold. The warnings are…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2011-12-08 S. Hallerberg , J. Bröcker , H. Kantz , L. A. Smith

A probability forecast or probabilistic classifier is reliable or calibrated if the predicted probabilities are matched by ex post observed frequencies, as examined visually in reliability diagrams. The classical binning and counting…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-26 Timo Dimitriadis , Tilmann Gneiting , Alexander I. Jordan

This article explores the extension of well-known F1 score used for assessing the performance of binary classifiers. We propose the new metric using probabilistic interpretation of precision, recall, specificity, and negative predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Mikolaj Sitarz

A growing demand for handling uncertainties and risks in performance-driven building design decision-making has challenged conventional design methods. Thus, researchers in this field lean towards viable alternatives to using deterministic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-20 Fatemeh Shahsavari , Jeffrey D. Hart , Wei Yan

The evaluation of probabilistic forecasts plays a central role both in the interpretation and in the use of forecast systems and their development. Probabilistic scores (scoring rules) provide statistical measures to assess the quality of…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-24 Hailiang Du

In situations where forecasters are scored on the quality of their probabilistic predictions, it is standard to use `proper' scoring rules to perform such scoring. These rules are desirable because they give forecasters no incentive to lie…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-25 Spencer Greenberg

Classifiers are often tested on relatively small data sets, which should lead to uncertain performance metrics. Nevertheless, these metrics are usually taken at face value. We present an approach to quantify the uncertainty of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-05 Niklas Tötsch , Daniel Hoffmann

Calibration tests based on the probability integral transform (PIT) are routinely used to assess the quality of univariate distributional forecasts. However, PIT-based calibration tests for multivariate distributional forecasts face various…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-12-13 Malte Knüppel , Fabian Krüger , Marc-Oliver Pohle

Probabilistic-driven classification techniques extend the role of traditional approaches that output labels (usually integer numbers) only. Such techniques are more fruitful when dealing with problems where one is not interested in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-06 Silas E. N. Fernandes , Danillo R. Pereira , Caio C. O. Ramos , Andre N. Souza , Joao P. Papa