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Existing test-time adaptation (TTA) approaches often adapt models with the unlabeled testing data stream. A recent attempt relaxed the assumption by introducing limited human annotation, referred to as Human-In-the-Loop Test-Time Adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Yushu Li , Yongyi Su , Xulei Yang , Kui Jia , Xun Xu

Despite recent advancements in deep learning, deep neural networks continue to suffer from performance degradation when applied to new data that differs from training data. Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to address this challenge by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Sanghun Jung , Jungsoo Lee , Nanhee Kim , Amirreza Shaban , Byron Boots , Jaegul Choo

Test-time adaptation (TTA) offers a compelling remedy for machine learning (ML) models that degrade under domain shifts, improving generalisation on-the-fly with only unlabelled samples. This flexibility suits real deployments, yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sudarshan Sreeram , Young D. Kwon , Cecilia Mascolo

On-device adapting to continual, unpredictable domain shifts is essential for mobile applications like autonomous driving and augmented reality to deliver seamless user experiences in evolving environments. Test-time adaptation (TTA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Cheng Fang , Sicong Liu , Zimu Zhou , Bin Guo , Jiaqi Tang , Ke Ma , Zhiwen Yu

Acoustic foundation models, fine-tuned for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), suffer from performance degradation in wild acoustic test settings when deployed in real-world scenarios. Stabilizing online Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) under…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Hongfu Liu , Hengguan Huang , Ye Wang

Deep neural networks often degrade under distribution shifts. Although domain adaptation offers a solution, privacy constraints often prevent access to source data, making Test-Time Adaptation (TTA, which adapts using only unlabeled test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Linjing You , Jiabao Lu , Xiayuan Huang

The goal of the challenge is to develop a test-time adaptation (TTA) method, which could adapt the model to gradually changing domains in video sequences for semantic segmentation task. It is based on a synthetic driving video dataset -…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Damian Sójka , Yuyang Liu , Dipam Goswami , Sebastian Cygert , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Joost van de Weijer

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt a source pre-trained model to continually changing target domains during inference. As a fundamental principle, an ideal CTTA method should rapidly adapt to new domains (exploration) while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Pinci Yang , Peisong Wen , Ke Ma , Qianqian Xu

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is gaining prominence for its non-invasive approach to monitoring physiological signals using only cameras. Despite its promise, the adaptability of rPPG models to new, unseen domains is hindered due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Haodong Li , Hao Lu , Ying-Cong Chen

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) generalizes conventional Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) by assuming that the target domain is dynamic over time rather than stationary. In this paper, we explore Multi-Modal Continual Test-Time Adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Haozhi Cao , Yuecong Xu , Jianfei Yang , Pengyu Yin , Shenghai Yuan , Lihua Xie

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to correct performance degradation of deep models under distribution shifts by updating models or inputs using unlabeled test data. Input-only diffusion-based TTA methods improve robustness for classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jihyun Yu , Yoojin Oh , Wonho Bae , Mingyu Kim , Junhyug Noh

Continual test-time adaptation (cTTA) methods are designed to facilitate the continual adaptation of models to dynamically changing real-world environments where computational resources are limited. Due to this inherent limitation, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Younggeol Cho , Youngrae Kim , Dongman Lee

Test-time adaptation (TTA) may fail to improve or even harm the model performance when test data have: 1) mixed distribution shifts, 2) small batch sizes, 3) online imbalanced label distribution shifts. This is often a key obstacle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Shuaicheng Niu , Guohao Chen , Deyu Chen , Yifan Zhang , Jiaxiang Wu , Zhiquan Wen , Yaofo Chen , Peilin Zhao , Chunyan Miao , Mingkui Tan

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is an effective approach to mitigate performance degradation of trained models when encountering input distribution shifts at test time. However, existing TTA methods often suffer significant performance drops…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Minguk Jang , Hye Won Chung

Person re-identification (re-id), which aims to retrieve images of the same person in a given image from a database, is one of the most practical image recognition applications. In the real world, however, the environments that the images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kazuki Adachi , Shohei Enomoto , Taku Sasaki , Shin'ya Yamaguchi

Graph-based learning excels at capturing interaction patterns in diverse domains like recommendation, fraud detection, and particle physics. However, its performance often degrades under distribution shifts, especially those altering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hans Hao-Hsun Hsu , Shikun Liu , Han Zhao , Pan Li

Test-time augmentation (TTA) has become a promising approach for mitigating data sparsity in sequential recommendation by improving inference accuracy without requiring costly model retraining. However, existing TTA methods typically rely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xibo Li , Liang Zhang

Adapting models to dynamic, real-world environments characterized by shifting data distributions and unseen test scenarios is a critical challenge in deep learning. In this paper, we consider a realistic and challenging Test-Time Adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Manogna Sreenivas , Soma Biswas

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enhances model robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data by updating the model online during inference, yet existing methods lack theoretical insights into the fundamental causes of performance degradation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiao Chen , Zhongjing Du , Jiazhen Huang , Xu Jiang , Li Lu , Jingyan Jiang , Zhi Wang

Deploying machine learning (ML) models in the wild is challenging as it suffers from distribution shifts, where the model trained on an original domain cannot generalize well to unforeseen diverse transfer domains. To address this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang
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