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Related papers: Making Data Work Count

200 papers

Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to profoundly reshape how work is executed and organized, but we do not yet have deep frameworks for understanding where AI can be used. Here we provide a comprehensive ontology of work activities that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Alice Cai , Iman YeckehZaare , Shuo Sun , Vasiliki Charisi , Xinru Wang , Aiman Imran , Robert Laubacher , Alok Prakash , Thomas W. Malone

AI systems powered by large language models can act as capable assistants for writing and editing. In these tasks, the AI system acts as a co-creative partner, making novel contributions to an artifact-under-creation alongside its human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jessica He , Stephanie Houde , Justin D. Weisz

While human annotations play a crucial role in language technologies, annotator subjectivity has long been overlooked in data collection. Recent studies that have critically examined this issue are often situated in the Western context, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Mark Díaz , Dylan Baker , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran

The growing demand for AI training data has transformed data annotation into a global industry, but traditional approaches relying on human annotators are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to inconsistent quality. We propose…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yifan Wang , David Stevens , Pranay Shah , Wenwen Jiang , Miao Liu , Xu Chen , Robert Kuo , Na Li , Boying Gong , Daniel Lee , Jiabo Hu , Ning Zhang , Bob Kamma

Nowadays, the ubiquity of various sensors enables the collection of voluminous datasets of car trajectories. Such datasets enable analysts to make sense of driving patterns and behaviors: in order to understand the behavior of drivers, one…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Sobhan Moosavi , Behrooz Omidvar-Tehrani , R. Bruce Craig , Rajiv Ramnath

Despite a long tradition of work on extractive summarization, which by nature aims to recover the most important propositions in a text, little work has been done on operationalizing graded proposition salience in naturally occurring data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Amir Zeldes , Katherine Conhaim , Lauren Levine

Attention mechanism is contributing to the majority of recent advances in machine learning for natural language processing. Additionally, it results in an attention map that shows the proportional influence of each input in its decision.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Duc Hau Nguyen , Cyrielle Mallart , Guillaume Gravier , Pascale Sébillot

In NLP annotation, it is common to have multiple annotators label the text and then obtain the ground truth labels based on the agreement of major annotators. However, annotators are individuals with different backgrounds, and minors'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Ruyuan Wan , Jaehyung Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Most Artificial Intelligence applications are based on supervised machine learning (ML), which ultimately grounds on manually annotated data. The annotation process is often performed in terms of a majority vote and this has been proved to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Valerio Basile , Federico Cabitza , Andrea Campagner , Michael Fell

Supervised learning relies on high-quality labeled data, but obtaining such data through human annotation is both expensive and time-consuming. Recent work explores using large language models (LLMs) for annotation, but LLM-generated labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Andi Han , Feng Chen , Qiuzheng Chen , Jiawen Li , Zhaoyang Li , Jiyuan Li , Zhenbang Sun , Junbin Gao

Third-party annotation is the status quo for labeling text, but egocentric information such as sentiment and belief can at best only be approximated by a third-person proxy. We introduce author labeling, an annotation technique where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Marcus Ma , Cole Johnson , Nolan Bridges , Jackson Trager , Georgios Chochlakis , Shrikanth Narayanan

Sentiment analysis is often a crowdsourcing task prone to subjective labels given by many annotators. It is not yet fully understood how the annotation bias of each annotator can be modeled correctly with state-of-the-art methods. However,…

Keyphrase annotation is the task of identifying textual units that represent the main content of a document. Keyphrase annotation is either carried out by extracting the most important phrases from a document, keyphrase extraction, or by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Adrien Bougouin , Florian Boudin , Béatrice Daille

A common practice in building NLP datasets, especially using crowd-sourced annotations, involves obtaining multiple annotator judgements on the same data instances, which are then flattened to produce a single "ground truth" label or score,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Mark Díaz

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making a profound impact in almost every domain. A vital enabler of its great success is the availability of abundant and high-quality data for building machine learning models. Recently, the role of data in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Daochen Zha , Zaid Pervaiz Bhat , Kwei-Herng Lai , Fan Yang , Zhimeng Jiang , Shaochen Zhong , Xia Hu

Current annotation agreement metrics are not well-suited for inter-group analysis, are sensitive to group size imbalances and restricted to single-annotation settings. These restrictions render them insufficient for many subjective tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Dimitris Tsirmpas , John Pavlopoulos

Research into the detection of human activities from wearable sensors is a highly active field, benefiting numerous applications, from ambulatory monitoring of healthcare patients via fitness coaching to streamlining manual work processes.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Alexander Hoelzemann , Kristof Van Laerhoven

High-quality data is necessary for modern machine learning. However, the acquisition of such data is difficult due to noisy and ambiguous annotations of humans. The aggregation of such annotations to determine the label of an image leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Lars Schmarje , Vasco Grossmann , Claudius Zelenka , Sabine Dippel , Rainer Kiko , Mariusz Oszust , Matti Pastell , Jenny Stracke , Anna Valros , Nina Volkmann , Reinhard Koch

Classical planning asks for a sequence of operators reaching a given goal. While the most common case is to compute a plan, many scenarios require more than that. However, quantitative reasoning on the plan space remains mostly unexplored.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 David Speck , Markus Hecher , Daniel Gnad , Johannes K. Fichte , Augusto B. Corrêa

The increase in data collection has made data annotation an interesting and valuable task in the contemporary world. This paper presents a new methodology for quickly annotating data using click-supervision and hierarchical object…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Adithya Subramanian , Anbumani Subramanian