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Related papers: Making Data Work Count

200 papers

Data annotation is the process of labeling data that could be used to train machine learning models. Having high-quality annotation is crucial, as it allows the model to learn the relationship between the input data and the desired output.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Bosheng Ding , Chengwei Qin , Linlin Liu , Yew Ken Chia , Shafiq Joty , Boyang Li , Lidong Bing

Majority voting and averaging are common approaches employed to resolve annotator disagreements and derive single ground truth labels from multiple annotations. However, annotators may systematically disagree with one another, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Mark Díaz , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran

For the purpose of efficient and cost-effective large-scale data labeling, crowdsourcing is increasingly being utilized. To guarantee the quality of data labeling, multiple annotations need to be collected for each data sample, and truth…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Fei Wang , Haoyu Liu , Haoyang Bi , Xiangzhuang Shen , Renyu Zhu , Runze Wu , Minmin Lin , Tangjie Lv , Changjie Fan , Qi Liu , Zhenya Huang , Enhong Chen

Annotating data via crowdsourcing is time-consuming and expensive. Due to these costs, dataset creators often have each annotator label only a small subset of the data. This leads to sparse datasets with examples that are marked by few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 London Lowmanstone , Ruyuan Wan , Risako Owan , Jaehyung Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Annotation through crowdsourcing draws incremental attention, which relies on an effective selection scheme given a pool of workers. Existing methods propose to select workers based on their performance on tasks with ground truth, while two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yushi Sun , Jiachuan Wang , Peng Cheng , Libin Zheng , Lei Chen , Jian Yin

This paper develops a unified framework for evaluating the optimal degree of task automation. Moving beyond binary automate-or-not assessments, we model automation intensity as a continuous choice in which firms minimize costs by selecting…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-01 Wensu Li , Atin Aboutorabi , Harry Lyu , Kaizhi Qian , Martin Fleming , Brian C. Goehring , Neil Thompson

Current supervised deep learning frameworks rely on annotated data for modeling the underlying data distribution of a given task. In particular for computer vision algorithms powered by deep learning, the quality of annotated data is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Joseph Nassar , Viveca Pavon-Harr , Marc Bosch , Ian McCulloh

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have made timely, scalable, and effective fact-checking increasingly feasible. One such deployment is X's Community Notes, which provides the AI Note Writer API to enable end-to-end automated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yilin Gong , Siqi Wu

Accountability regimes typically encourage record-keeping to enable the transparency that supports oversight, investigation, contestation, and redress. However, implementing such record-keeping can introduce considerations, risks, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shreya Chappidi , Jennifer Cobbe , Chris Norval , Anjali Mazumder , Jatinder Singh

Data annotation and synthesis generally refers to the labeling or generating of raw data with relevant information, which could be used for improving the efficacy of machine learning models. The process, however, is labor-intensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Zhen Tan , Dawei Li , Song Wang , Alimohammad Beigi , Bohan Jiang , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Mansooreh Karami , Jundong Li , Lu Cheng , Huan Liu

Data storytelling plays an important role in data workers' daily jobs since it boosts team collaboration and public communication. However, to make an appealing data story, data workers spend tremendous efforts on various tasks, including…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Haotian Li , Yun Wang , Q. Vera Liao , Huamin Qu

We present a comprehensive survey on the use of annotations in information visualizations, highlighting their crucial role in improving audience understanding and engagement with visual data. Our investigation encompasses empirical studies…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Md Dilshadur Rahman , Bhavana Doppalapudi , Ghulam Jilani Quadri , Paul Rosen

An annotation consists of a portion of information that is associated with a piece of content in order to explain something about the content or to add more information. The use of annotations as a tool in the educational field has positive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Joaquín Gayoso-Cabada , Antonio Sarasa-Cabezuelo , José-Luis Sierra

With the rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence, there is growing concern over its potential to exacerbate existing biases and societal disparities and introduce novel ones. This issue has prompted widespread attention from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sanjana Gautam , Mukund Srinath

Labeling visual data is expensive and time-consuming. Crowdsourcing systems promise to enable highly parallelizable annotations through the participation of monetarily or otherwise motivated workers, but even this approach has its limits.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Christopher Klugmann , Rafid Mahmood , Guruprasad Hegde , Amit Kale , Daniel Kondermann

The rapid entry of machine learning approaches in our daily activities and high-stakes domains demands transparency and scrutiny of their fairness and reliability. To help gauge machine learning models' robustness, research typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Oana Inel , Tim Draws , Lora Aroyo

Annotating new datasets for machine learning tasks is tedious, time-consuming, and costly. For segmentation applications, the burden is particularly high as manual delineations of relevant image content are often extremely expensive or can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Javier Gamazo Tejero , Martin S. Zinkernagel , Sebastian Wolf , Raphael Sznitman , Pablo Márquez Neila

Human annotations are vital to supervised learning, yet annotators often disagree on the correct label, especially as annotation tasks increase in complexity. A strategy to improve label quality is to ask multiple annotators to label the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Alexander Braylan , Madalyn Marabella , Omar Alonso , Matthew Lease

High-quality human annotations are necessary to create effective machine learning systems for social media. Low-quality human annotations indirectly contribute to the creation of inaccurate or biased learning systems. We show that human…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Rahul Pandey , Carlos Castillo , Hemant Purohit

A major challenge in Natural Language Processing is obtaining annotated data for supervised learning. An option is the use of crowdsourcing platforms for data annotation. However, crowdsourcing introduces issues related to the annotator's…