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In-Context Learning (ICL) has gained prominence due to its ability to perform tasks without requiring extensive training data and its robustness to noisy labels. A typical ICL workflow involves selecting localized examples relevant to a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Janak Kapuriya , Manit Kaushik , Debasis Ganguly , Sumit Bhatia

Large language models (LLMs) enable in-context learning (ICL) by conditioning on a few labeled training examples as a text-based prompt, eliminating the need for parameter updates and achieving competitive performance. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jianing Wang , Chengyu Wang , Chuanqi Tan , Jun Huang , Ming Gao

Long-context large language models (LLMs) are able to process inputs containing up to several million tokens. In the scope of in-context learning (ICL), this translates into using hundreds/thousands of demonstrations in the input prompt,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Shahriar Golchin , Yanfei Chen , Rujun Han , Manan Gandhi , Tianli Yu , Swaroop Mishra , Mihai Surdeanu , Rishabh Agarwal , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

In-context learning can help Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt new tasks without additional training. However, this performance heavily depends on the quality of the demonstrations, driving research into effective demonstration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Dong Shu , Mengnan Du

In-context Learning (ICL) empowers large language models (LLMs) to swiftly adapt to unseen tasks at inference-time by prefixing a few demonstration examples before queries. Despite its versatility, ICL incurs substantial computational and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Zhuowei Li , Zihao Xu , Ligong Han , Yunhe Gao , Song Wen , Di Liu , Hao Wang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Large language models (LLMs) like transformers demonstrate impressive in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, allowing them to make predictions for new tasks based on prompt exemplars without parameter updates. While existing ICL theories…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Kevin Christian Wibisono , Yixin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven effective at In-Context Learning (ICL), an ability that allows them to create predictors from labeled examples. Few studies have explored the interplay between ICL and specific properties of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 David Oniani , Yanshan Wang

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a powerful capability for large language models (LLMs) to adapt to downstream tasks by leveraging a few (demonstration) examples. Despite its effectiveness, the mechanism behind ICL remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Pengfei He , Yingqian Cui , Han Xu , Hui Liu , Makoto Yamada , Jiliang Tang , Yue Xing

Large language models (LLMs) excel at few-shot in-context learning (ICL) -- learning from a few examples provided in context at inference, without any weight updates. Newly expanded context windows allow us to investigate ICL with hundreds…

In-Context Learning (ICL) has significantly expanded the general-purpose nature of large language models, allowing them to adapt to novel tasks using merely the inputted context. This has motivated a series of papers that analyze tractable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Core Francisco Park , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Itamar Pres , Hidenori Tanaka

Understanding in-context learning (ICL) capability that enables large language models (LLMs) to excel in proficiency through demonstration examples is of utmost importance. This importance stems not only from the better utilization of this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yuxiang Zhou , Jiazheng Li , Yanzheng Xiang , Hanqi Yan , Lin Gui , Yulan He

Recent studies have demonstrated that In-Context Learning (ICL), through the use of specific demonstrations, can align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences known as In-Context Alignment (ICA), indicating that models can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Heyan Huang , Yinghao Li , Huashan Sun , Yu Bai , Yang Gao

Multimodal in-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a key mechanism for harnessing the capabilities of large vision-language models (LVLMs). However, its effectiveness remains highly sensitive to the quality of input ICL sequences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yanshu Li , Jianjiang Yang , Tian Yun , Pinyuan Feng , Jinfa Huang , Ruixiang Tang

Building machine translation (MT) systems for low-resource languages is notably difficult due to the scarcity of high-quality data. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved MT system performance, adapting them to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Luis Frentzen Salim , Esteban Carlin , Alexandre Morinvil , Xi Ai , Lun-Wei Ku

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in vision-language understanding but face challenges in adapting to dynamic real-world scenarios that require continuous integration of new knowledge and skills. While continual learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Hongbo Zhao , Fei Zhu , Haiyang Guo , Meng Wang , Rundong Wang , Gaofeng Meng , Zhaoxiang Zhang

In an era defined by the explosive growth of data and rapid technological advancements, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) stand at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Designed to seamlessly integrate diverse data…

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for many AI problems and exhibit remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities. Compositional ability, solving unseen complex tasks that combine two or more simple tasks, is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zhuoyan Xu , Zhenmei Shi , Yingyu Liang

By simply incorporating demonstrations into the context, in-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to yield awesome performance on many tasks. In this study, we focus on passage-level long-context ICL for generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hao Sun , Chenming Tang , Gengyang Li , Yunfang Wu

In-Context Learning (ICL) enables pretrained LLMs to adapt to downstream tasks by conditioning on a small set of input-output demonstrations, without any parameter updates. Although there have been many theoretical efforts to explain how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Xuhan Tong , Yuchen Zeng , Jiawei Zhang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in complex tasks like machine translation, commonsense reasoning, and language understanding. One of the primary reasons for the adaptability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Nicholas Kroeger , Dan Ley , Satyapriya Krishna , Chirag Agarwal , Himabindu Lakkaraju