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Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results in text annotation using zero-shot and few-shot learning. Yet these approaches do not allow the model to retain information from previous annotations, making each response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Joan C. Timoneda , Sebastián Vallejo Vera

Real-world data is often incomplete and contains missing values. To train accurate models over real-world datasets, users need to spend a substantial amount of time and resources imputing and finding proper values for missing data items. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-05 Cheng Zhen , Nischal Aryal , Arash Termehchy , Alireza Aghasi , Amandeep Singh Chabada

We propose a simple and effective re-ranking method for improving passage retrieval in open question answering. The re-ranker re-scores retrieved passages with a zero-shot question generation model, which uses a pre-trained language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Devendra Singh Sachan , Mike Lewis , Mandar Joshi , Armen Aghajanyan , Wen-tau Yih , Joelle Pineau , Luke Zettlemoyer

Most large language models are fine-tuned using either expensive human-annotated data or GPT-4 generated data which cannot guarantee performance in certain domains. We argue that although the web-crawled data often has formatting errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Jing Zhou , Chenglin Jiang , Wei Shen , Xiao Zhou , Xiaonan He

World Models have vastly permeated the field of Reinforcement Learning. Their ability to model the transition dynamics of an environment have greatly improved sample efficiency in online RL. Among them, the most notorious example is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Federico Malato , Ville Hautamäki

Large language models are trained on massive scrapes of the web, which are often unstructured, noisy, and poorly phrased. Current scaling laws show that learning from such data requires an abundance of both compute and data, which grows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Pratyush Maini , Skyler Seto , He Bai , David Grangier , Yizhe Zhang , Navdeep Jaitly

Prior work on language models (LMs) shows that training on a large number of diverse tasks improves few-shot learning (FSL) performance on new tasks. We take this to the extreme, automatically extracting 413,299 tasks from internet tables -…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Jun Shern Chan , Michael Pieler , Jonathan Jao , Jérémy Scheurer , Ethan Perez

The emergence of pre-trained models has significantly impacted Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision to relational datasets. Traditionally, these models are assessed through fine-tuned downstream tasks. However, this raises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Prince Aboagye , Yan Zheng , Junpeng Wang , Uday Singh Saini , Xin Dai , Michael Yeh , Yujie Fan , Zhongfang Zhuang , Shubham Jain , Liang Wang , Wei Zhang

The pre-trained foundation models (PFMs) have become essential for facilitating large-scale multimodal learning. Researchers have effectively employed the ``pre-train, prompt, and predict'' paradigm through prompt learning to induce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xiang Chen , Yixin Ou , Quan Feng , Lei Li , Piji Li , Haibo Ye , Sheng-Jun Huang , Shuofei Qiao , Shumin Deng , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Unsupervised pre-training has led to much recent progress in natural language understanding. In this paper, we study self-training as another way to leverage unlabeled data through semi-supervised learning. To obtain additional data for a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Jingfei Du , Edouard Grave , Beliz Gunel , Vishrav Chaudhary , Onur Celebi , Michael Auli , Ves Stoyanov , Alexis Conneau

Despite recent breakthroughs in the applications of deep neural networks, one setting that presents a persistent challenge is that of "one-shot learning." Traditional gradient-based networks require a lot of data to learn, often through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-20 Adam Santoro , Sergey Bartunov , Matthew Botvinick , Daan Wierstra , Timothy Lillicrap

Embeddings extracted by pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have significant potential to improve information retrieval and search. Beyond the zero-shot setup in which they are being conventionally used, being able to take advantage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Jinsung Yoon , Sercan O Arik , Yanfei Chen , Tomas Pfister

Here we experiment with the use of information retrieval as an augmentation for pre-trained language models. The text corpus used in information retrieval can be viewed as form of episodic memory which grows over time. By augmenting GPT 2.0…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Hai Wang , David McAllester

Enhancing the zero-shot performance of instruction-following models requires heavy computation, either by scaling the total number of training datasets or the model size. In this work, we explore how retrieval of soft prompts obtained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Seonghyeon Ye , Joel Jang , Doyoung Kim , Yongrae Jo , Minjoon Seo

Classifying scanned documents is a challenging problem that involves image, layout, and text analysis for document understanding. Nevertheless, for certain benchmark datasets, notably RVL-CDIP, the state of the art is closing in to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Anna Scius-Bertrand , Michael Jungo , Lars Vögtlin , Jean-Marc Spat , Andreas Fischer

Enabling robots to learn novel visuomotor skills in a data-efficient manner remains an unsolved problem with myriad challenges. A popular paradigm for tackling this problem is through leveraging large unlabeled datasets that have many…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Maximilian Du , Suraj Nair , Dorsa Sadigh , Chelsea Finn

This work investigates the use of natural language to enable zero-shot model adaptation to new tasks. We use text and metadata from social commenting platforms as a source for a simple pretraining task. We then provide the language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Raul Puri , Bryan Catanzaro

Biases in culture, gender, ethnicity, etc. have existed for decades and have affected many areas of human social interaction. These biases have been shown to impact machine learning (ML) models, and for natural language processing (NLP),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Dhanasekar Sundararaman , Vivek Subramanian

Retrieval-augmented language models have demonstrated performance comparable to much larger models while requiring fewer computational resources. The effectiveness of these models crucially depends on the overlap between query and retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ehsan Doostmohammadi , Marco Kuhlmann

With large language models (LLMs) achieving remarkable breakthroughs in natural language processing (NLP) domains, LLM-enhanced recommender systems have received much attention and have been actively explored currently. In this paper, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jianghao Lin , Rong Shan , Chenxu Zhu , Kounianhua Du , Bo Chen , Shigang Quan , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang