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Despite growing adoption of cryptocurrencies, making fast payments at scale remains a challenge. Payment channel networks (PCNs) such as the Lightning Network have emerged as a viable scaling solution. However, completing payments on PCNs…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Vibhaalakshmi Sivaraman , Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan , Kathy Ruan , Parimarjan Negi , Lei Yang , Radhika Mittal , Mohammad Alizadeh , Giulia Fanti

Payment channel hub (PCH), by leveraging a powerful hub to reliably provide off-chain payment services, offers an effective enhancement to payment channel networks (PCNs). However, existing approaches typically rely on a single hub to relay…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Lingxiao Yang , Xuewen Dong , Wei Wang , Yong Yu , Sheng Gao , Qiang Qu , Yulong Shen

Payment channel networks (PCN) are used in cryptocurrencies to enhance the performance and scalability of off-chain transactions. Except for opening and closing of a payment channel, no other transaction requests accepted by a PCN are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Subhra Mazumdar , Sushmita Ruj , Ram Govind Singh , Arindam Pal

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have made payment transactions possible without a trusted third party, but they have a scalability issue due to their consensus mechanisms. Payment networks have emerged to overcome this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Junmo Lee , Seongjun Kim , Sanghyeon Park , Soo-Mook Moon

Scaling blockchain efficiency is crucial to its widespread usage in which the payment channel is one of the most prominent approaches. With payment channels and the network they construct, two users can move some transactions off-chain in a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Qianlan Bai , Yuedong Xu , Xin Wang

Payment channel networks (PCNs) have emerged as a scalability solution for blockchains built on the concept of a payment channel: a setting that allows two nodes to safely transact between themselves in high frequencies based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-01 Nikolaos Papadis , Leandros Tassiulas

Payment channel networks (PCNs) have been designed and utilized to address the scalability challenge and throughput limitation of blockchains. Routing is a core problem of PCNs. An ideal PCN routing method needs to achieve 1) high…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Xiaoxue Zhang , Shouqian Shi , Chen Qian

Payment Channel Networks (PCNs) are a method for improving the scaling and latency of cryptocurrency transactions. For a payment to be made between two peers in a PCN, a feasible low-fee path in the network must be planned. Many PCN path…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Padraig Corcoran , Rhyd Lewis

Payment channel networks (PCN) enable scalable blockchain transactions without fundamentally changing the underlying distributed ledger algorithm. However, routing a payment via multiple channels in a PCN requires locking collateral for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Ben Weintraub , Cristina Nita-Rotaru , Stefanie Roos

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are among the most promising solutions to the scalability issues in permissionless blockchains, by allowing parties to pay each other off-chain through a path of payment channels (PCs). However, routing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Lukas Aumayr , Esra Ceylan , Yannik Kopyciok , Matteo Maffei , Pedro Moreno-Sanchez , Iosif Salem , Stefan Schmid

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are viewed as one of the most promising scalability solutions for cryptocurrencies today. Roughly, PCNs are networks where each node represents a user and each directed, weighted edge represents funds…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Weizhao Tang , Weina Wang , Giulia Fanti , Sewoong Oh

Off-chain transaction networks can mitigate the scalability issues of today's trustless electronic cash systems such as Bitcoin. However, these peer-to-peer networks also introduce a new attack surface which is not well-understood today.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Saar Tochner , Stefan Schmid , Aviv Zohar

Payment channel is a class of techniques designed to solve the scalability problem of blockchain. By establishing channels off the blockchain to form payment channel networks (PCNs), users can make instant payments without interacting with…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Wenhui Wang , Ke Mu , Xuetao Wei

Cryptocurrency networks such as Bitcoin have emerged as a distributed alternative to traditional centralized financial transaction networks. However, there are major challenges in scaling up the throughput of such networks. Lightning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Sushil Mahavir Varma , Siva Theja Maguluri

Payment Channel Networks (PCNs) have been proposed as an alternative solution to the scalability, throughput, and cost overhead problems associated with blockchain transactions. By facilitating offchain execution of transactions, PCNs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Kartick Kolachala , Mohammed Ababneh , Roopa Vishwanathan

Payment channel networks are supposed to overcome technical scalability limitations of blockchain infrastructure by employing a special overlay network with fast payment confirmation and only sporadic settlement of netted transactions on…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Felix Engelmann , Florian Glaser , Henning Kopp , Frank Kargl , Christof Weinhardt

As a promising implementation model of payment channel network (PCN), payment channel hub (PCH) could achieve high throughput by providing stable off-chain transactions through powerful hubs. However, existing PCH schemes assume hubs…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Lingxiao Yang , Xuewen Dong , Sheng Gao , Qiang Qu , Xiaodong Zhang , Wensheng Tian , Yulong Shen

The last decade has experienced a vast interest in Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies with a specific focus on the applications of this technology. However, slow confirmation times of transactions and unforeseeable high fees hamper their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Suat Mercan , Enes Erdin , Kemal Akkaya

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are a promising technology to improve the scalability of cryptocurrencies. PCNs, however, face the challenge that the frequent usage of certain routes may deplete channels in one direction, and hence prevent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Mahsa Bastankhah , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali , Stefan Schmid , Jakub Svoboda , Michelle Yeo

Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) are pivotal in numerous high-impact key-value applications built on distributed networked systems, offering a decentralized architecture that avoids single points of failure and improves data availability.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Shengze Wang , Yi Liu , Xiaoxue Zhang , Liting Hu , Chen Qian
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