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This work proposes a Prolog-dialect for the found and prioritised problems on expressibility and automation. Given some given C-like program, if dynamic memory is allocated, altered and freed on runtime, then a description of desired…
Probabilistic programming has become a standard practice to model stochastic events and learn about the behavior of nature in different scientific contexts, ranging from Genetics and Ecology to Linguistics and Psychology. However, domain…
This paper presents a Hoare-like veri cation framework for discrete probabilistic programs that we apply to two non-trivial sampling algorithms: Lumbroso's Fast Dice Roller and Saad et al.'s Fast Loaded Dice Roller. These algorithms have…
Incorrectness Separation Logic (ISL) is a proof system that is tailored specifically to resolve problems of under-approximation in programs that manipulate heaps, and it primarily focuses on bug detection. This approach is different from…
There has been substantial progress in the inference of formal behavioural specifications from sample trajectories, for example, using Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). However, these techniques cannot handle specifications that correctly…
While software requirements are often expressed in natural language, verifying the correctness of a program against such requirements is a hard and underexplored problem. Large language models (LLMs) are promising candidates for addressing…
Starting with Hoare Logic over 50 years ago, numerous program logics have been devised to reason about the diverse programs encountered in the real world. This includes reasoning about computational effects, particularly those effects that…
In this paper, we present a Hoare-style logic for reasoning about quantum programs with classical variables. Our approach offers several improvements over previous work: (1) Enhanced expressivity of the programming language: Our logic…
Hoare logic provides a syntax-oriented method to reason about program correctness and has been proven effective in the verification of classical and probabilistic programs. Existing proposals for quantum Hoare logic either lack completeness…
Relational Hoare logics extend the applicability of modular, deductive verification to encompass important 2-run properties including dependency requirements such as confidentiality and program relations such as equivalence or similarity…
Hoare logic is a foundation of axiomatic semantics of classical programs and it provides effective proof techniques for reasoning about correctness of classical programs. To offer similar techniques for quantum program verification and to…
While pre-trained language models (PLMs) are the go-to solution to tackle many natural language processing problems, they are still very limited in their ability to capture and to use common-sense knowledge. In fact, even if information is…
Probabilistic programming provides a convenient lingua franca for writing succinct and rigorous descriptions of probabilistic models and inference tasks. Several probabilistic programming languages, including Anglican, Church or Hakaru,…
Probabilistic programming languages allow programmers to write down conditional probability distributions that represent statistical and machine learning models as programs that use observe statements. These programs are run by accumulating…
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has gained significant attention across various domains. However, the increasing complexity of RL programs presents testing challenges, particularly the oracle problem: defining the correctness of the RL program.…
Relational Hoare logics (RHL) provide rules for reasoning about relations between programs. Several RHLs include a rule we call sequential product that infers a relational correctness judgment from judgments of ordinary Hoare logic (HL).…
Properties such as provable security and correctness for randomized programs are naturally expressed relationally as approximate equivalences. As a result, a number of relational program logics have been developed to reason about such…
Pragmatic reasoning helps interlocutors infer intended meaning from ambiguous or underspecified messages by considering shared context and counterfactual alternatives. Similar challenges arise in natural language-to-code generation, where…
Partial incorrectness logic (partial reverse Hoare logic) has recently been introduced as a new Hoare-style logic that over-approximates the weakest pre-conditions of a program and a post-condition. It is expected to verify systems where…
Most modern (classical) programming languages support recursion. Recursion has also been successfully applied to the design of several quantum algorithms and introduced in a couple of quantum programming languages. So, it can be expected…