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Related papers: Towards Unclonable Cryptography in the Plain Model

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Common random string model is a popular model in classical cryptography. We study a quantum analogue of this model called the common Haar state (CHS) model. In this model, every party participating in the cryptographic system receives many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-12 Prabhanjan Ananth , Aditya Gulati , Yao-Ting Lin

In classical cryptography, certified deletion is simply impossible. Since classical information can be copied any number of times easily. In quantum cryptography, certified deletion is possible because of theorems of quantum mechanics such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xiaogang Cheng , Ren Guo

In this work, we explore the possibility of universally composable (UC)-secure commitments using Physically Uncloneable Functions (PUFs) within a new adversarial model. We introduce the communicating malicious PUFs, i.e. malicious PUFs that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Lourenço Abecasis , Paulo Mateus , Chrysoula Vlachou

We propose a strong physical unclonable function (PUF) provably secure against machine learning (ML) attacks with both classical and quantum computers. Its security is derived from cryptographic hardness of learning decryption functions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Ye Wang , Xiaodan Xi , Michael Orshansky

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) serve as lightweight, hardware-intrinsic entropy sources widely deployed in IoT security applications. However, delay-based PUFs are vulnerable to Machine Learning Attacks (MLAs), undermining their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Hongming Fei , Zilong Hu , Prosanta Gope , Biplab Sikdar

The characteristic novelty of what is generally meant by a "physical unclonable function" (PUF) is precisely defined, in order to supply a firm basis for security evaluations and the proposal of new security mechanisms. A PUF is defined as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-04-05 Rainer Plaga , Frank Koob

We address security and privacy problems for digital devices and biometrics from an information-theoretic optimality perspective, where a secret key is generated for authentication, identification, message encryption/decryption, or secure…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-11 Onur Günlü , Rafael F. Schaefer

We consider a new model for the testing of untrusted quantum devices, consisting of a single polynomial-time bounded quantum device interacting with a classical polynomial-time verifier. In this model we propose solutions to two tasks - a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-06 Zvika Brakerski , Paul Christiano , Urmila Mahadev , Umesh Vazirani , Thomas Vidick

Quantum cryptography promises in-principle secure communication between two parties via a quantum channel, with the ability to discover eavesdropping when it occurs. In 1999, a telecloning protocol was invented [M. Murao {\it et al}., Phys.…

Secret sharing is a multi-party cryptographic primitive that can be applied to a network of partially distrustful parties for encrypting data that is both sensitive (it must remain secure) and important (it must not be lost or destroyed).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-28 Nathan Walk , Jens Eisert

Quantum coin flipping (QCF) is an essential primitive for quantum cryptography. Unconditionally secure strong QCF with an arbitrarily small bias was widely believed to be impossible. But basing on a problem which cannot be solved without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-25 Guang Ping He

A characterization of predicate encryption (PE) with support for homomorphic operations is presented and we describe the homomorphic properties of some existing PE constructions. Even for the special case of IBE, there are few known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-11-07 Michael Clear , Arthur Hughes , Hitesh Tewari

Secure key leasing (SKL) is an advanced encryption functionality that allows a secret key holder to generate a quantum decryption key and securely lease it to a user. Once the user returns the quantum decryption key (or provides a classical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Fuyuki Kitagawa , Ryo Nishimaki , Nikhil Pappu

We construct a classical oracle relative to which $\mathsf{P} = \mathsf{NP}$ yet single-copy secure pseudorandom quantum states exist. In the language of Impagliazzo's five worlds, this is a construction of pseudorandom states in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 William Kretschmer , Luowen Qian , Makrand Sinha , Avishay Tal

Large-scale pre-training frameworks like CLIP have revolutionized multimodal learning, but their reliance on web-scraped datasets, frequently containing private user data, raises serious concerns about misuse. Unlearnable Examples (UEs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Xingjun Ma , Hanxun Huang , Tianwei Song , Ye Sun , Yifeng Gao , Yu-Gang Jiang

Order-preserving encryption (OPE) is a fundamental cryptographic tool for enabling efficient range queries on encrypted data in outsourced databases. Despite its importance, existing OPE schemes face critical limitations that hinder their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Baiqiang Wang , Dongfang Zhao

Uncertainty estimation in multi-LLM systems remains largely single-model-centric: existing methods quantify uncertainty within each model but do not adequately capture semantic disagreement across models. To address this gap, we propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Kangkang Sun , Jun Wu , Jianhua Li , Minyi Guo , Xiuzhen Che , Jianwei Huang

Entropic uncertainty relations are underpinning to compute the quantitative security bound in quantum cryptographic applications, such as quantum random number generation (QRNG) and quantum key distribution (QKD). All security proofs derive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-23 Minu J. Bae

A robust combiner combines many candidates for a cryptographic primitive and generates a new candidate for the same primitive. Its correctness and security hold as long as one of the original candidates satisfies correctness and security. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Taiga Hiroka , Fuyuki Kitagawa , Ryo Nishimaki , Takashi Yamakawa

Quantum cryptography is reviewed, first using entanglement both for the intuition and for the experimental realizations. Next, the implementation is simplified in several steps until it becomes practical. At this point entanglement has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nicolas Gisin , Nicolas Brunner