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We reconsider the Rovelli-Smolin model of gravity coupled to the Klein-Gordon time field with an eye towards capturing the degrees of freedom of the scalar field lost in the framework in which time is deparametrized by the scalar field.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-03 Jerzy Lewandowski , Hanno Sahlmann

An alternative expression for the length operator in loop quantum gravity is presented. The operator is background independent, symmetric, positive semidefinite, and well defined on the kinematical Hilbert space. The expression for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-06-15 Yongge Ma , Chopin Soo , Jinsong Yang

In the previous article a new combinatorial and thus purely algebraical approach to quantum gravity, called Algebraic Quantum Gravity (AQG), was introduced. In the framework of AQG existing semiclassical tools can be applied to operators…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 K. Giesel , T. Thiemann

We study a generalized version of the Hamiltonian constraint operator in nonperturbative loop quantum gravity. The generalization is based on admitting arbitrary irreducible SU(2) representations in the regularization of the operator, in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Marcus Gaul , Carlo Rovelli

In recent twenty years, loop quantum gravity, a background independent approach to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics, has been widely investigated. We consider the quantum dynamics of a real massless scalar field coupled to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Muxin Han , Yongge Ma

A general nonperturvative loop quantization procedure for metric modified gravity is reviewed. As an example, this procedure is applied to scalar-tensor theories of gravity. The quantum kinematical framework of these theories is rigorously…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-04-09 Xiangdong Zhang , Yongge Ma

In the last 20 years, loop quantum gravity, a background independent approach to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics, has been widely investigated. The aim of loop quantum gravity is to construct a mathematically rigorous,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-06-25 Muxin Han

The Hamiltoinian analysis of the vector-tensor theory of gravity is performed. The resulting geometrical dynamics is reformulated into the connection dynamics, with the real SU(2)-connection serving as one of the configuration variables.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Shengzhi Li , Yongge Ma

The Hamiltonian constraint remains the major unsolved problem in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). Seven years ago a mathematically consistent candidate Hamiltonian constraint has been proposed but there are still several unsettled questions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-18 Thomas Thiemann

Within the framework of Quantum Reduced Loop Gravity we quantize the Hamiltonian for a gauge vector field. The regularization can be performed using tools analogous to the ones adopted in full Loop Quantum Gravity, while the matrix elements…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-06-07 Jakub Bilski , Emanuele Alesci , Francesco Cianfrani , Pietro Donà , Antonino Marciano

We perform a canonical, reduced phase space quantisation of General Relativity by Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) methods. The explicit construction of the reduced phase space is made possible by the combination of 1. the Brown -- Kuchar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-18 K. Giesel , T. Thiemann

We study de Sitter JT gravity in the canonical formulation to illustrate constructions of Hilbert spaces in quantum gravity, which is challenging due to the Hamiltonian constraints. The key ideas include representing states as "invariants"…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-17 Jesse Held , Henry Maxfield

We propose in this paper an alternative method for the quantisation of systems with first-class constraints. This method is a combination of the coherent-state-path-integral quantisation developed by Klauder, with the ideas of reduced state…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Charis Anastopoulos

The quantum-reduced loop-gravity technique has been introduced for dealing with cosmological models. We show that it can be applied rather generically: anytime the spatial metric can be gauge-fixed to a diagonal form. The technique selects…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-11-13 Emanuele Alesci , Francesco Cianfrani , Carlo Rovelli

In this article we examine a Hamiltonian constraint operator governing the dynamics of simple quantum states, whose graph consists of a single six-valent vertex, in quantum-reduced loop gravity. To this end, we first derive the action of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-01 Ilkka Mäkinen

The nature of the classical canonical phase-space variables for gravity suggests that the associated quantum field operators should obey affine commutation relations rather than canonical commutation relations. Prior to the introduction of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 John R. Klauder

Although an important issue in canonical quantization, the problem of representing the constraint algebra in the loop representation of quantum gravity has received little attention. The only explicit computation was performed by Gambini,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Bernd Bruegmann

We argue in a model-independent way that the Hilbert space of quantum gravity is locally finite-dimensional. In other words, the density operator describing the state corresponding to a small region of space, when such a notion makes sense,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-22 Ning Bao , Sean M. Carroll , Ashmeet Singh

In a remarkable paper, T. Koslowski introduced kinematical representations for loop quantum gravity in which there is a non-degenerate spatial background metric present. He also considered their properties, and showed that Gauss and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-10-27 Hanno Sahlmann

In this review, the fundamental structure of loop quantum gravity is presented pedagogically. Our main aim is to help non-experts to understand the motivations, basic structures, as well as general results. It may also be beneficial to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-16 Muxin Han , Weiming Huang , Yongge Ma