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The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is a backbone device for spintronics. Realizing next generation energy efficient MTJs will require operating mechanisms beyond the standard means of applying magnetic fields or large electrical currents.…

With ultra-fast writing capacity and high reliability, the spin-orbit torque is regarded as a promising alternative to fabricate next-generation magnetic random access memory. However, the three-terminal setup can be challenging when…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 Ming-Han Tsai , Po-Hung Lin , Kuo-Feng Huang , Hsiu-Hau Lin , Chih-Huang Lai

This paper addresses the question: Can spintronic circuits based on Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) transducers outperform their state-of-the-art CMOS counterparts? To this end, we use the EPFL combinational benchmark sets, synthesize them…

Since it is undesirable to require an external magnetic field for on-chip memory applications, we investigate the use of a Rashba effective field alternatively for assisting the electric-field-induced switching operation of a three terminal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Jiefang Deng , Xuanyao Fong , Gengchiau Liang

We examine the spin torque (ST) response of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with ultra-thin MgO tunnel barrier layers to investigate the relationship between the spin-transfer torque and the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) under finite…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 G. D. Fuchs , J. A. Katine , S. I. Kiselev , D. Mauri , K. S. Wooley , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are basic building blocks for devices such as magnetic random access memories (MRAMs). The relevance for modern computation of non-volatile high-frequency memories makes ac-transport measurements of MTJs…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Subir Parui , Mário Ribeiro , Ainhoa Atxabal , Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto , Xiangnan Sun , Roger Llopis , Fèlix Casanova , Luis E. Hueso

Pulsed spin-torque switching has been studied using single-shot time-resolved electrical measurements in perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions as a function of pulse amplitude and junction size in 50 to 100 nm diameter…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-01-04 Christian Hahn , Georg Wolf , Bartek Kardasz , Steve Watts , Mustafa Pinarbasi , Andrew D. Kent

Ongoing semiconductor scaling challenges and the rise of neuromorphic computing have sparked interest in exploring novel computing schemes to achieve higher power efficiency and computational capabilities. Probabilistic computing is one…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xuejian Zhang , John Arnesh Divakaruni Daniel , Neil Dilley , Zhihong Chen , Joerg Appenzeller

Control of magnetism without using magnetic fields enables large-scale integration of spintronic devices for memory, computation and communication in the beyond-CMOS era. Mechanisms including spin torque transfer, spin Hall effect, and…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-03-08 Jun-Yang Chen , Li He , Jian-Ping Wang , Mo Li

Spintronic devices have recently attracted a lot of attention in the field of unconventional computing due to their non-volatility for short and long term memory, non-linear fast response and relatively small footprint. Here we report how…

Flexible electronic devices require the integration of multiple crucial components on soft substrates to achieve their functions. In particular, memory devices are the fundamental component for data storage and processing in flexible…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-03-15 Li Ming Loong , Wonho Lee , Xuepeng Qiu , Ping Yang , Hiroyo Kawai , Mark Saeys , Jong-Hyun Ahn , Hyunsoo Yang

Spin-resolved electron symmetry filtering is a key mechanism behind giant tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) in Fe/MgO/Fe and similar magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), providing room temperature functionality in modern spin electronics.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 César González-Ruano , Coriolan Tiusan , Michel Hehn , Farkhad G. Aliev

There exists a significant challenge in developing efficient magnetic tunnel junctions with low write currents for non-volatile memory devices. With the aim of analysing potential materials for efficient current-operated magnetic junctions…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-12-13 Matthew O. A. Ellis , Maria Stamenova , Stefano Sanvito

We propose that a spin Hall effect driven magnetic tunnel junction device can be engineered to provide a continuous change in the resistance across it when injected with orthogonal spin currents. Using this concept, we develop a hybrid…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-05 Venkatesh Vadde , Bhaskaran Muralidharan , Abhishek Sharma

Random number generators (RNG) based on quantum mechanics are captivating due to their security and unpredictability compared to conventional generators, such as pseudo-random number generators and hardware-random number generators. This…

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, atomic spin defects in diamond, represent an active contender for advancing transformative quantum information science (QIS) and innovations. One of the major challenges for designing NV-based hybrid systems…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-12-30 Gerald Q. Yan , Nathan McLaughlin , Tatsuya Yamamoto , Senlei Li , Takayuki Nozaki , Shinji Yuasa , Chunhui Rita Du , Hailong Wang

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) play a crucial role in spintronic applications, particularly data storage and sensors. Especially as a non-volatile memory, MTJs have received substantial attention due to its CMOS compatibility, low power…

Permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motors (PMSynRM) have a significantly higher average torque than synchronous reluctance motors. Thus, determining an optimal design results in a multi-material topology optimization problem,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Thomas Gauthey , Peter Gangl , Maya Hage Hassan

Superparamagnetic tunnel junctions (sMTJs) are emerging as promising components for stochastic units in neuromorphic computing, owing to their tunable random switching behavior. Conventional MTJ control methods, such as spin-transfer torque…

Random numbers are indispensable resources for application in modern science and technology. Therefore, a dedicate entropy source is essential, particularly cryptographic tasks and modern applications. In this work, we experimentally…