Related papers: Cosmology and fundamental physics with the ELT-AND…

This paper continues the building of the cosmological theory that was introduced in two earlier papers under the title A Dust Universe Solution to the Dark Energy Problem. The model introduced in this theory has existence before time zero…

We introduce neutrino astronomy starting from the observational fact that Nature accelerates protons and photons to energies in excess of 10^{20} and 10^{13} eV, respectively. Although the discovery of cosmic rays dates back a century, we…

Cosmology, as a science, started at the beginning of the last century with the advent of the Einstein cosmological equations. Based on these equations, the present main stream cosmological model is the well known big-bang, this name…

There are 8000 galaxies, including 1600 at z larger than 1.6, which could be simultaneously observed in an E-ELT field of view of 40 sq. arcmin. A considerable fraction of astrophysical discoveries require large statistical samples, which…

Cosmography has been referred to as a solution to the inverse scattering problem, which is reasonable since it allows us to calculate cosmological bounds from data samplers by performing an expansion of the cosmological observables around…

Twenty-five years have passed since the first experimental demonstration of attosecond pulses, marking the advent of our ability to resolve and control electron motion in real time. What began as a technological breakthrough - generating…

A cosmological constant, Lambda, is the most natural candidate to explain the origin of the dark energy (DE) component in the Universe. However, due to experimental evidence that the equation of state (EOS) of the DE could be evolving with…

Magnification bias offers a uniquely powerful and independent route to cosmological information. As a gravitational-lensing observable, it probes galaxy-matter correlations without relying on galaxy shapes, PSF modelling, or…

In this paper, we investigate the recently proposed relativistic theory for MOND using the phase space analysis. Unlike its precedent theory, namely TeVeS, this theory is claimed to agree with the observed Cosmic Microwave Background and…

In the last decade, the Kepler and CoRoT space-photometry missions have demonstrated the potential of asteroseismology as a novel, versatile and powerful tool to perform exquisite tests of stellar physics, and to enable precise and accurate…

In 2018 the EDGES experiment claimed the first detection of the global cosmic 21cm signal, which featured an absorption trough centered around $z \sim 17$ with a depth of approximately -500mK. This amplitude is deeper than the standard…

The cosmological constant is not necessarily small in the early universe. If a scalar field obtains a vacuum expectation value after a phase transition (PT), a possibly large cosmological constant could present before PT. The early…

Cosmological observations in the new millennium have dramatically increased our understanding of the Universe, but several fundamental questions remain unanswered. This topical group report describes the best opportunities to address these…

In recent years the possibility of measuring the temporal change of radial and transverse position of sources in the sky in real time have become conceivable thanks to the thoroughly improved technique applied to new astrometric and…

`Ether-drift' experiments have played a crucial role for the origin of relativity. Though, a recent re-analysis shows that those original measurements where light was still propagating in gaseous systems, differently from the modern…

Neutrino astronomy has entered an exciting time with the completion of the first km3-scale neutrino telescope at the South Pole (IceCube) and the successful operation of the first under-sea neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean (Antares).…

Understanding the formation, evolution, and chemical diversity of exoplanets are now central areas of astrophysics research. White dwarfs provide a uniquely sensitive laboratory for studying the end stages of planetary-system evolution and…

The strong equivalence principle is extended in application to averaged dynamical fields in cosmology to include the role of the average density in the determination of inertial frames. The resulting cosmological equivalence principle is…

One of the most important and surprising discoveries in cosmology in recent years is the realization that our Universe is dominated by a mysterious dark energy, which leads to an accelerating expansion of space-time. A simple generalization…

Fundamental neutron and neutrino physics at neutron sources, combining precision measurements and theory, can probe new physics at energy scales well beyond the highest energies probed by the LHC and possible future high energy collider…