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Functional data is a powerful tool for capturing and analyzing complex patterns and relationships in a variety of fields, allowing for more precise modeling, visualization, and decision-making. For example, in healthcare, functional data…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-26 Xiyuan Gao , Jiayi Wang , Guanyu Hu , Jianguo Sun

Unmeasured confounding is a threat to causal inference and gives rise to biased estimates. In this article, we consider the problem of individualized decision-making under partial identification. Firstly, we argue that when faced with…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-22 Yifan Cui

Foundation models, pre-trained on massive datasets, have achieved unprecedented generalizability. However, is it truly necessary to involve such vast amounts of data in pre-training, consuming extensive computational resources? This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Wenxuan Yang , Weimin Tan , Yuqi Sun , Bo Yan

Accurate fetal birth weight prediction is a cornerstone of prenatal care, yet traditional methods often rely on imaging technologies that remain inaccessible in resource-limited settings. This study presents a novel machine learning-based…

Modeling patient disease progression using Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is critical to assist clinical decision making. While most of prior work has mainly focused on developing effective disease progression models using EHRs collected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Farzaneh Khoshnevisan , Min Chi

Cancer prognosis is a critical task that involves predicting patient outcomes and survival rates. To enhance prediction accuracy, previous studies have integrated diverse data modalities, such as clinical notes, medical images, and genomic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jie Peng , Shuang Zhou , Longwei Yang , Yiran Song , Mohan Zhang , Kaixiong Zhou , Feng Xie , Mingquan Lin , Rui Zhang , Tianlong Chen

Estimation of individual treatment effects is commonly used as the basis for contextual decision making in fields such as healthcare, education, and economics. However, it is often sufficient for the decision maker to have estimates of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Maggie Makar , Fredrik D. Johansson , John Guttag , David Sontag

An individualized dose rule recommends a dose level within a continuous safe dose range based on patient level information such as physical conditions, genetic factors and medication histories. Traditionally, personalized dose finding…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-21 Liangyu Zhu , Wenbin Lu , Michael R. Kosorok , Rui Song

AI-driven precision oncology has the transformative potential to reshape cancer treatment by leveraging the power of AI models to analyze the interaction between complex patient characteristics and their corresponding treatment outcomes.…

Causal inference is a science with multi-disciplinary evolution and applications. On the one hand, it measures effects of treatments in observational data based on experimental designs and rigorous statistical inference to draw causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-05 Jingying Zeng , Run Wang

Medical diagnosis process vary in the degree to which they attempt to deal with different complicating aspects of diagnosis such as relative importance of symptoms, varied symptom pattern and the relation between diseases them selves. Based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-28 B. K. Tripathy , D. P. Acharjya , V. Cynthya

Osteoporosis is a common condition that increases fracture risk, especially in older adults. Early diagnosis is vital for preventing fractures, reducing treatment costs, and preserving mobility. However, healthcare providers face challenges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mehdi Hosseini Chagahi , Saeed Mohammadi Dashtaki , Niloufar Delfan , Nadia Mohammadi , Farshid Rostami Pouria , Behzad Moshiri , Md. Jalil Piran , Oliver Faust

Model-based diagnosis reasons backwards from a functional schematic of a system to isolate faults given observations of anomalous behavior. We develop a fully probabilistic approach to model based diagnosis and extend it to support…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Sampath Srinivas

Good health and well-being is among key issues in the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. The rising prevalence of large-scale infectious diseases and the accelerated aging of the global population are driving the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Bin Huang , Changchen Zhao , Zimeng Liu , Shenda Hong , Baochang Zhang , Hao Lu , Zhijun Liu , Wenjin Wang , Hui Liu

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized smart healthcare, driving innovations in wearable technologies, continuous monitoring devices, and intelligent diagnostic systems. However, security, explainability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Prasenjit Maji , Amit Kumar Mondal , Hemanta Kumar Mondal , Saraju P. Mohanty

Causal inference is the goal of randomized trials and many observational studies. The first step in a formal causal inference framework is to define the causal estimand, and in both types of study this can be intuitively defined as the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-09 Margarita Moreno-Betancur , Rushani Wijesuriya , John B. Carlin

Uncertainty quantification of causal effects is crucial for safety-critical applications such as personalized medicine. A powerful approach for this is conformal prediction, which has several practical benefits due to model-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Maresa Schröder , Dennis Frauen , Jonas Schweisthal , Konstantin Heß , Valentyn Melnychuk , Stefan Feuerriegel

To date, developing a good model for early intensive care unit (ICU) mortality prediction is still challenging. This paper presents a patient based predictive modeling framework (PPMF) to improve the performance of ICU mortality prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Mohammad Amin Morid , Olivia R. Liu Sheng , Samir Abdelrahman

Recent advances in deep generative models have greatly expanded the potential to create realistic synthetic health datasets. These synthetic datasets aim to preserve the characteristics, patterns, and overall scientific conclusions derived…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Jennifer A Bartell , Sander Boisen Valentin , Anders Krogh , Henning Langberg , Martin Bøgsted

Due to the complexity of the human body, most diseases present a high inter-personal variability in the way they manifest, i.e. in their phenotype, which has important clinical repercussions - as for instance the difficulty in defining…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-06-06 Massimiliano Zanin , Juan Manuel Tuñas , Ernestina Menasalvas