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The rapid adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) agents and multi-agent systems enables remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and generation. However, these systems introduce security vulnerabilities that extend beyond…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Matteo Lupinacci , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Francesco Blefari , Francesco Romeo , Luigi Arena , Angelo Furfaro

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into mobile GUI agents has significantly enhanced user efficiency and experience. However, this advancement also introduces potential security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yulong Yang , Xinshan Yang , Shuaidong Li , Chenhao Lin , Zhengyu Zhao , Chao Shen , Tianwei Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly integrate native code interpreters, they enable powerful real-time execution capabilities, substantially expanding their utility. However, such integrations introduce potential system-level…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Gabriel Chua

Evaluations of large language model (LLM) risks and capabilities are increasingly being incorporated into AI risk management and governance frameworks. Currently, most risk evaluations are conducted by designing inputs that elicit harmful…

Agentic AI systems powered by large language models (LLMs) and endowed with planning, tool use, memory, and autonomy, are emerging as powerful, flexible platforms for automation. Their ability to autonomously execute tasks across web,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Anshuman Chhabra , Shrestha Datta , Shahriar Kabir Nahin , Prasant Mohapatra

Large language models (LLMs) are now highly capable at a diverse range of tasks. This paper studies whether or not GPT-4, one such LLM, is capable of assisting researchers in the field of adversarial machine learning. As a case study, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nicholas Carlini

The increasing use of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern software engineering, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation, has transformed professional software development by boosting productivity and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Sabrina Kaniewski , Dieter Holstein , Fabian Schmidt , Tobias Heer

Large language models (LLMs) are sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that enable machines to generate human-like text with remarkable precision. While LLMs offer significant technological progress, their development using vast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yashothara Shanmugarasa , Ming Ding , M. A. P Chamikara , Thierry Rakotoarivelo

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable advancements in natural language processing. These models are trained on vast datasets to exhibit powerful language understanding and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Bo Liu , Ming Ding , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Large language models (LLMs) used across enterprises often use proprietary models and operate on sensitive inputs and data. The wide range of attack vectors identified in prior research - targeting various software and hardware components…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Sarbartha Banerjee , Prateek Sahu , Mulong Luo , Anjo Vahldiek-Oberwagner , Neeraja J. Yadwadkar , Mohit Tiwari

Following OpenAI's introduction of GPTs, a surge in GPT apps has led to the launch of dedicated LLM app stores. Nevertheless, given its debut, there is a lack of sufficient understanding of this new ecosystem. To fill this gap, this paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Zejun Zhang , Li Zhang , Xin Yuan , Anlan Zhang , Mengwei Xu , Feng Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs), renowned for their superior proficiency in language comprehension and generation, stimulate a vibrant ecosystem of applications around them. However, their extensive assimilation into various services…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Zihao Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yepang Liu , Haoyu Wang , Yan Zheng , Leo Yu Zhang , Yang Liu

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) make them increasingly compelling for adoption in real-world healthcare applications. However, the risks associated with using LLMs in medical applications have not been…

Inspired by the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM agents have evolved to perform complex tasks. LLM agents are now extensively applied across various domains, handling vast amounts of data to interact with humans and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Feng He , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Bo Liu , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents significant privacy, security, and ethical concerns. While much research has proposed methods for defending LLM systems against misuse by malicious actors, researchers have recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Alberto Purpura , Sahil Wadhwa , Jesse Zymet , Akshay Gupta , Andy Luo , Melissa Kazemi Rad , Swapnil Shinde , Mohammad Shahed Sorower

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in intelligent systems that perform reasoning, summarization, and code generation. Their ability to follow natural-language instructions, while powerful, also makes them vulnerable to a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Daniyal Ganiuly , Assel Smaiyl

Amidst escalating concerns about the detriments inflicted by AI systems, risk management assumes paramount importance, notably for high-risk applications as demanded by the European Union AI Act. Guidelines provided by ISO and NIST aim to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-19 sundaraparipurnan Narayanan , Sandeep Vishwakarma

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming AI across industries, but their development and deployment remain complex. This survey reviews 16 key challenges in building and using LLMs and examines how these challenges are addressed by two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Shubham Sharma , Sneha Tuli , Narendra Badam

Security threats like prompt injection attacks pose significant risks to applications that integrate Large Language Models (LLMs), potentially leading to unauthorized actions such as API misuse. Unlike previous approaches that aim to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Shih-Han Chan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are acquiring a wider range of capabilities, including understanding and responding in multiple languages. While they undergo safety training to prevent them from answering illegal questions, imbalances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Likai Tang , Niruth Bogahawatta , Yasod Ginige , Jiarui Xu , Shixuan Sun , Surangika Ranathunga , Suranga Seneviratne
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