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Many blockchain systems today, including Bitcoin, rely on Proof of Work (PoW). Proof of work is crucial to the liveness and security of cryptocurrencies. The assumption when using PoW is that a lot of trial and error is required on average…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Maya Dotan , Saar Tochner

Blockchain-based steganography enables data hiding via encoding the covert data into a specific blockchain transaction field. However, previous works focus on the specific field-embedding methods while lacking a consideration on required…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zhuo Chen , Jialing He , Jiacheng Wang , Zehui Xiong , Tao Xiang , Liehuang Zhu , Dusit Niyato

In order to solve security and privacy issues of centralized cloud services, the edge computing network is introduced, where computing and storage resources are distributed to the edge of the network. However, native edge computing is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Jinyue Song , Tianbo Gu , Prasant Mohapatra

The sixth generation (6G) systems are generally recognized to be established on ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) and distributed ledger such as blockchain. However, the AI training demands tremendous computing resource, which is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Yunkai Wei , Zixian An , Supeng Leng , Kun Yang

Anonymous credentials (ACs) are a crucial cryptographic tool for privacy-preserving authentication in decentralized networks, allowing holders to prove eligibility without revealing their identity. However, a major limitation of standard…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Bin Xie , Rui Song , Xuyuan Cai

Conference Key Agreement (CKA) is a cryptographic effort of multiple parties to establish a shared secret key. In future quantum networks, generating secret keys in an anonymous way is of tremendous importance for parties that want to keep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Frederik Hahn , Jarn de Jong , Anna Pappa

With the help of a shared pool of reconfigurable computing resources, clients of the cloud-based model can keep sensitive data remotely and access the apps and services it offers on-demand without having to worry about maintaining and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 S. M. Udhaya Sankar , D. Selvaraj , G. K. Monica , Jeevaa Katiravan

Today's internet concentrates identity, payments, communication, and content hosting under a small number of corporate intermediaries, creating single points of failure, enabling censorship, and extracting economic rent from participants.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Oliver Aleksander Larsen , Rasmus Thorsen Larsen , Mahyar T. Moghaddam

Proof-of-work (PoW) cryptocurrency blockchains like Bitcoin secure vast amounts of money. Their operators, called miners, expend resources to generate blocks and receive monetary rewards for their effort. Blockchains are, in principle,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Michael Mirkin , Yan Ji , Jonathan Pang , Ariah Klages-Mundt , Ittay Eyal , Ari Juels

IPv6 dependability is increasingly inseparable from IPv6 security: Neighbor Discovery (ND), Router Advertisements (RA), and ICMPv6 are essential for correct operation yet expose a broad attack surface for spoofing and flooding. Meanwhile,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Walid Aljoby , Mohammed Alzayani , Md. Kamrul Hossain , Khaled A. Harras

Public blockchains provide a decentralized method for storing transaction data and have many applications in different sectors. In order for users to track transactions, a simple method is to let them keep a local copy of the entire public…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Lei Xu , Lin Chen , Zhimin Gao , Shouhuai Xu , Weidong Shi

The hardware security community relies on databases of known vulnerabilities and open-source designs to develop formal verification methods for identifying hardware security flaws. While there are plenty of open-source designs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jayden Rogers , Niyaz Shakeel , Divya Mankani , Samantha Espinosa , Cade Chabra , Kaki Ryan , Cynthia Sturton

Proof-of-Work (PoW) systems face critical challenges, including excessive energy consumption and the centralization of mining power among entities with expensive hardware. Static mining pools exacerbate these issues by reducing competition…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Rizwanul Haque , SM Tareq Aziz , Tahrim Hossain , Faisal Haque Bappy , Muhammad Nur Yanhaona , Tariqul Islam

Internet measurements are a crucial foundation of IPv6-related research. Due to the infeasibility of full address space scans for IPv6 however, those measurements rely on collections of reliably responsive, unbiased addresses, as provided…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Lion Steger , Liming Kuang , Johannes Zirngibl , Georg Carle , Oliver Gasser

This paper presents a partially synchronous BFT consensus protocol powered by BBCA, a lightly modified Byzantine Consistent Broadcast (BCB) primitive. BBCA provides a Complete-Adopt semantic through an added probing interface to allow…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Dahlia Malkhi , Chrysoula Stathakopoulou , Maofan Yin

Proof-of-Work (PoW) is a Sybil control mechanism adopted in blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. It prevents the attempt of malicious actors to manipulate distributed ledgers. Bitcoin has successfully suppressed double-spending by accepting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Suhyeon Lee , Donghwan Lee , Seungjoo Kim

In-network data aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) provides efficient bandwidth utilization and energy-efficient computing.Supporting efficient in-network data aggregation while preserving the privacy of the data of individual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-05-01 Jaydip Sen , Subhamoy Maitra

Authorization is challenging in distributed systems that cannot rely on the identification of nodes. Proof-of-work offers an alternative gate-keeping mechanism, but its probabilistic nature is incompatible with conventional security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Patrik Keller , Rainer Böhme

Proof of work (PoW), the most popular consensus mechanism for Blockchain, requires ridiculously large amounts of energy but without any useful outcome beyond determining accounting rights among miners. To tackle the drawback of PoW, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Xidi Qu , Shengling Wang , Qin Hu , Xiuzhen Cheng

Previous work presented a theoretical model based on the implicit Bitcoin specification for how an entity might issue a protocol native cryptocurrency that mimics features of fiat currencies. Protocol native means that it is built into the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-16 Peter Mell , Aurelien Delaitre , Frederic de Vaulx , Philippe Dessauw