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Cloud computing delivers value to users by facilitating their access to computing capacity in periods when their need arises. An approach is to provide both on-demand and spot services on shared servers. The former allows users to access…

Performance · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xiaohu Wu , Francesco De Pellegrini , Guanyu Gao , Giuliano Casale

LLMs are increasingly used world-wide from daily tasks to agentic systems and data analytics, requiring significant GPU resources. LLM inference systems, however, are slow compared to database systems, and inference performance and…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Kyoungmin Kim , Jiacheng Li , Kijae Hong , Anastasia Ailamaki

Spot instances offer a cost-effective solution for applications running in the cloud computing environment. However, it is challenging to run long-running jobs on spot instances because they are subject to unpredictable evictions. Here, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Ashley Tung , Haiyan Wang , Yue Li , Zhong Wang , Jingchao Sun

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various artificial intelligence (AI) applications, from natural language processing to code generation. However, the computational demands of these models, particularly in…

We study offline scheduling for large language model (LLM) serving under a fixed KV-cache memory budget, where requests have heterogeneous prompt (prefill) and response (decode) lengths. Prompt tokens determine initial KV usage, and each…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Meixuan Wang , Yinyu Ye , Zijie Zhou

Serving long-context LLMs is costly because attention computation grows linearly with context length. Dynamic sparse attention algorithms (DSAs) mitigate this by attending only to the key-value (KV) cache of critical tokens. However, with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qihui Zhou , Peiqi Yin , Pengfei Zuo , James Cheng

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used today in recommendation systems, fraud detection, and node/link classification tasks. Real world GNNs continue to scale in size and require a large memory footprint for storing graphs and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jeongmin Brian Park , Kun Wu , Vikram Sharma Mailthody , Zaid Quresh , Scott Mahlke , Wen-mei Hwu

Caching has the potential to be of significant benefit for accessing large language models (LLMs) due to their high latencies which typically range from a small number of seconds to well over a minute. Furthermore, many LLMs charge money…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Arun Iyengar , Ashish Kundu , Ramana Kompella , Sai Nandan Mamidi

The scaling of transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly expanded their context lengths, enabling applications where inputs exceed 100K tokens. Our analysis of a recent Azure LLM inference trace reveals a highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zeyu Zhang , Haiying Shen

Large Language Model (LLM) serving faces a fundamental tension between stringent latency Service Level Objectives (SLOs) and limited GPU memory capacity. When high request rates exhaust the KV cache budget, existing LLM inference systems…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jiahuan Yu , Mingtao Hu , Zichao Lin , Minjia Zhang

The rapid growth of LLMs has revolutionized natural language processing and AI analysis, but their increasing size and memory demands present significant challenges. A common solution is to spill over to CPU memory; however, traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Yi Xu , Ziming Mao , Xiangxi Mo , Shu Liu , Ion Stoica

Cloud service platforms increasingly rely on elastic infrastructures to support dynamic workloads. Spot instances provide discounted computing resources but introduce uncertainty due to dynamic pricing, resource availability, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Javier Fabra , Enrique Molina-Giménez , Pedro García-López

Cost optimization is a common goal of workflow schedulers operating in cloud computing environments. The use of spot instances is a potential means of achieving this goal, as they are offered by cloud providers at discounted prices compared…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Amanda Jayanetti , Saman Halgamuge , Rajkumar Buyya

Scaling the input context length of a large language model (LLM) incurs a significant increase in computation cost and memory footprint to maintain the attention key-value (KV) cache. Existing KV cache compression methods suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yuxiang Huang , Binhang Yuan , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Zhiyuan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable human-like predictive capabilities. However, it is challenging to deploy LLMs to provide efficient and adaptive inference services at the edge. This paper proposes a novel Cloud-Edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hongpeng Jin , Yanzhao Wu

There is growing demand for performing inference with hundreds of thousands of input tokens on trained transformer models. Inference at this extreme scale demands significant computational resources, hindering the application of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ryan Synk , Monte Hoover , John Kirchenbauer , Neel Jain , Alex Stein , Manli Shu , Josue Melendez Sanchez , Ramani Duraiswami , Tom Goldstein

IoT applications increasingly rely on on-device AI accelerators to ensure high performance, especially in low-connectivity and safety-critical scenarios. However, the limited on-chip memory of these accelerators forces inference runtimes to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Nathan Ng , Walid A. Hanafy , Prashanthi Kadambi , Balachandra Sunil , Ayush Gupta , David Irwin , Yogesh Simmhan , Prashant Shenoy

Device-side Large Language Models (LLMs) have witnessed explosive growth, offering higher privacy and availability compared to cloud-side LLMs. During LLM inference, both model weights and user data are valuable, and attackers may even…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yinpeng Wu , Yitong Chen , Lixiang Wang , Jinyu Gu , Zhichao Hua , Yubin Xia

The increasing demand for Large Language Models (LLMs) across various applications has led to a significant shift in the design of deep learning serving systems. Deploying LLMs, particularly in multi-tenant environments, poses substantial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Bodun Hu , Jiamin Li , Le Xu , Myungjin Lee , Akshay Jajoo , Geon-Woo Kim , Hong Xu , Aditya Akella

The computational challenges of Large Language Model (LLM) inference remain a significant barrier to their widespread deployment, especially as prompt lengths continue to increase. Due to the quadratic complexity of the attention…