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Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial potential across a diverse array of domains via request serving. However, as trends continue to push for expanding context sizes, the autoregressive nature of LLMs results in highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Bin Lin , Chen Zhang , Tao Peng , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Minmin Sun , Anmin Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Lanbo Li , Xiafei Qiu , Shen Li , Zhigang Ji , Tao Xie , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Large language models (LLMs) are typically served from clusters of GPUs/NPUs that consist of large number of devices. Unfortunately, communication between these devices incurs significant overhead, increasing the inference latency and cost…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ahmet Caner Yüzügüler , Jiawei Zhuang , Lukas Cavigelli

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in processing long sequences and complex reasoning tasks, yet efficiently serving these models remains challenging due to the quadratic computational complexity of attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shang Yang , Junxian Guo , Haotian Tang , Qinghao Hu , Guangxuan Xiao , Jiaming Tang , Yujun Lin , Zhijian Liu , Yao Lu , Song Han

Large language models (LLMs) with different architectures and sizes have been developed. Serving each LLM with dedicated GPUs leads to resource waste and service inefficiency due to the varying demand of LLM requests. A common practice is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yihao Zhao , Jiadun Chen , Peng Sun , Lei Li , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Serving large language models (LLMs) is expensive, especially for providers hosting many models, making cost reduction essential. The unique workload patterns of serving multiple LLMs (i.e., multi-LLM serving) create new opportunities and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Shan Yu , Jiarong Xing , Yifan Qiao , Mingyuan Ma , Yangmin Li , Yang Wang , Shuo Yang , Zhiqiang Xie , Shiyi Cao , Ke Bao , Ion Stoica , Harry Xu , Ying Sheng

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning (ML) approach that allows multiple clients to collaboratively train ML models without exchanging original training data, offering a solution that is particularly valuable in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Aditya Sinha , Zilinghan Li , Tingkai Liu , Volodymyr Kindratenko , Kibaek Kim , Ravi Madduri

Cloud computing offers a variable-cost payment scheme that allows cloud customers to specify the price they are willing to pay for renting spot instances to run their applications at much lower costs than fixed payment schemes, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Abdullah Alourani , Ajay D. Kshemkalyani

Large language models (LLMs) deliver impressive capabilities but incur substantial inference latency and cost, which hinders their deployment in latency-sensitive and resource-constrained scenarios. Cloud-edge-device collaborative inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Haoyu Qiao , Hao Zhang , Shanwen Mao , Siyao Cheng , Jie Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular in various areas, traditional business gradually shifting from rule-based systems to LLM-based solutions. However, the inference of LLMs is resource-intensive or…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Wanyi Zheng , Minxian Xu , Shengye Song , Kejiang Ye

Disaggregating the prefill and decoding phases represents an effective new paradigm for generative inference of large language models (LLM), which eliminates prefill-decoding interference and optimizes resource allocation. However, it is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Youhe Jiang , Ran Yan , Binhang Yuan

The rise of LLMs has driven demand for private serverless deployments, characterized by moderate-sized models and infrequent requests. While existing serverless solutions follow exclusive GPU allocation, we take a step back to explore…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chuhao Xu , Zijun Li , Quan Chen , Han Zhao , Xueyan Tang , Minyi Guo

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain traction, their reliance on power-hungry GPUs places ever-increasing energy demands, raising environmental and monetary concerns. Inference dominates LLM workloads, presenting a critical challenge for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Andreas Kosmas Kakolyris , Dimosthenis Masouros , Petros Vavaroutsos , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

Long-context inference enhances the reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs), but incurs significant computational overhead. Token-oriented methods, such as pruning and skipping, have shown great promise in reducing inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zimeng Wu , Donghao Wang , Chaozhe Jin , Jiaxin Chen , Yunhong Wang

The usage of large language models (LLMs) has grown increasingly fragmented, with no single model dominating. Meanwhile, cloud providers offer a wide range of mid-tier and older-generation GPUs that enjoy better availability and deliver…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yixuan Mei , Zikun Li , Zixuan Chen , Shiqi Pan , Mengdi Wu , Xupeng Miao , Zhihao Jia , K. V. Rashmi

Transformers, driven by attention mechanisms, form the foundation of large language models (LLMs). As these models scale up, efficient GPU attention kernels become essential for high-throughput and low-latency inference. Diverse LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zihao Ye , Lequn Chen , Ruihang Lai , Wuwei Lin , Yineng Zhang , Stephanie Wang , Tianqi Chen , Baris Kasikci , Vinod Grover , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Luis Ceze

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on autoregressive, decoder-only Transformers generate text one token at a time, where a token represents a discrete unit of text. As each newly produced token is appended to the partial output sequence,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Dimitrios Kafetzis , Ramin Khalili , Iordanis Koutsopoulos

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to grow, reducing costs and alleviating GPU demands has become increasingly critical. However, existing schedulers primarily target either GPU compute or Key-Value Cache (KVC) utilization, failing to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Haiying Shen , Tanmoy Sen

This review report discusses the cold start latency in serverless inference and existing solutions. It particularly reviews the ServerlessLLM method, a system designed to address the cold start problem in serverless inference for large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Himel Ghosh

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) power platforms like ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot, enabling richer interactions with text, images, and videos. These heterogeneous workloads introduce additional inference stages, such as vision…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Konstantinos Papaioannou , Thaleia Dimitra Doudali

Large Language Models (LLMs) for Generative AI have achieved remarkable progress, evolving into sophisticated and versatile tools widely adopted across various domains and applications. However, the substantial memory overhead caused by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ranran Zhen , Juntao Li , Yixin Ji , Zhenlin Yang , Tong Liu , Qingrong Xia , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Baoxing Huai , Min Zhang