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In this paper, we study statistical properties of semi-supervised learning, which is considered as an important problem in the community of machine learning. In the standard supervised learning, only the labeled data is observed. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-04-19 Masanori Kawakita , Takafumi Kanamori

The current dominant paradigm when building a machine learning model is to iterate over a dataset over and over until convergence. Such an approach is non-incremental, as it assumes access to all images of all categories at once. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Mert Kilickaya , Joost van de Weijer , Yuki M. Asano

Multi-label classification, which involves assigning multiple labels to a single input, has emerged as a key area in both research and industry due to its wide-ranging applications. Designing effective loss functions is crucial for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Alexandre Audibert , Aurélien Gauffre , Massih-Reza Amini

While recent studies on semi-supervised learning have shown remarkable progress in leveraging both labeled and unlabeled data, most of them presume a basic setting of the model is randomly initialized. In this work, we consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Abulikemu Abuduweili , Xingjian Li , Humphrey Shi , Cheng-Zhong Xu , Dejing Dou

The advancement of deep learning has greatly improved supervised image classification. However, labeling data is costly, prompting research into unsupervised learning methods such as contrastive learning. In real-world scenarios, fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shogo Nakayama , Masahiro Okuda

A prominent technique for self-supervised representation learning has been to contrast semantically similar and dissimilar pairs of samples. Without access to labels, dissimilar (negative) points are typically taken to be randomly sampled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Ching-Yao Chuang , Joshua Robinson , Lin Yen-Chen , Antonio Torralba , Stefanie Jegelka

Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning presents unique challenges due to the lack of explicitly labeled negative samples, particularly in high-stakes domains such as fraud detection and medical diagnosis. To address data scarcity and privacy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-17 Jialei Liu , Jun Liao , Kuangnan Fang

Partial-label learning (PLL) relies on a key assumption that the true label of each training example must be in the candidate label set. This restrictive assumption may be violated in complex real-world scenarios, and thus the true label of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Shuo He , Lei Feng , Guowu Yang

Semi-supervised few-shot learning consists in training a classifier to adapt to new tasks with limited labeled data and a fixed quantity of unlabeled data. Many sophisticated methods have been developed to address the challenges this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Xiu-Shen Wei , He-Yang Xu , Faen Zhang , Yuxin Peng , Wei Zhou

Semi-supervised learning methods have shown promising results in solving many practical problems when only a few labels are available. The existing methods assume that the class distributions of labeled and unlabeled data are equal;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Min Gu Kwak , Hyungu Kahng , Seoung Bum Kim

Weakly-supervised learning is a paradigm for alleviating the scarcity of labeled data by leveraging lower-quality but larger-scale supervision signals. While existing work mainly focuses on utilizing a certain type of weak supervision, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-11 Yivan Zhang , Nontawat Charoenphakdee , Masashi Sugiyama

Unsupervised domain adaptation aims to address the problem of classifying unlabeled samples from the target domain whilst labeled samples are only available from the source domain and the data distributions are different in these two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Qian Wang , Toby P. Breckon

A common approach in positive-unlabeled learning is to train a classification model between labeled and unlabeled data. This strategy is in fact known to give an optimal classifier under mild conditions; however, it results in biased…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-03 Shantanu Jain , Martha White , Predrag Radivojac

Maximizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is a standard approach to imbalanced classification. So far, various supervised AUC optimization methods have been developed and they are also extended to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-12 Tomoya Sakai , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

A key challenge for machine intelligence is to learn new visual concepts without forgetting the previously acquired knowledge. Continual learning is aimed towards addressing this challenge. However, there is a gap between existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Yan Luo , Yongkang Wong , Mohan Kankanhalli , Qi Zhao

In supervised learning, we often face with ambiguous (A) samples that are difficult to label even by domain experts. In this paper, we consider a binary classification problem in the presence of such A samples. This problem is substantially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Naoya Otani , Yosuke Otsubo , Tetsuya Koike , Masashi Sugiyama

In practical machine learning applications, it is often challenging to assign accurate labels to data, and increasing the number of labeled instances is often limited. In such cases, Weakly Supervised Learning (WSL), which enables training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tomoya Tate , Kosuke Sugiyama , Masato Uchida

This paper considers binary and multilabel classification problems in a setting where labels are missing independently and with a known rate. Missing labels are a ubiquitous phenomenon in extreme multi-label classification (XMC) tasks, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Erik Schultheis , Rohit Babbar

Positive unlabeled learning is a binary classification problem with positive and unlabeled data. It is common in domains where negative labels are costly or impossible to obtain, e.g., medicine and personalized advertising. Most approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Bojan Žunkovič

With the advent of big data across multiple high-impact applications, we are often facing the challenge of complex heterogeneity. The newly collected data usually consist of multiple modalities and are characterized with multiple labels,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Lecheng Zheng , Jinjun Xiong , Yada Zhu , Jingrui He