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We present a modified version of the friends-of-friends (FOF) structure finding algorithm, designed specifically to locate groups or clusters of galaxies in photometric redshift datasets. The main objective of this paper is to show that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 C. S. Botzler , J. Snigula , R. Bender , U. Hopp

Galaxy groups provide the means for a great diversity of studies that contribute to a better understanding of the structure of the universe on a large scale and allow the properties of galaxies to be linked to those of the host halos.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-22 Facundo Rodriguez , Manuel Merchán

The friends-of-friends algorithm (hereafter, FOF) is a percolation algorithm which is routinely used to identify dark matter halos from N-body simulations. We use results from percolation theory to show that the boundary of FOF halos does…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Surhud More , Andrey Kravtsov , Neal Dalal , Stefan Gottlöber

We present a structure finding algorithm designed to identify galaxy groups in photometric redshift data sets: the probability friends-of-friends (pFoF) algorithm. This algorithm is derived by combining the friends-of-friends algorithm in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 I-hui Li , Howard K. C. Yee

Context. Groups form the most abundant class of galaxy systems. They act as the principal drivers of galaxy evolution and can be used as tracers of the large-scale structure and the underlying cosmology. However, the detection of galaxy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-16 E. Tempel , R. Kipper , A. Tamm , M. Gramann , M. Einasto , T. Sepp , T. Tuvikene

The Friends-of-Friends (FoF) algorithm is a standard technique used in cosmological $N$-body simulations to identify structures. Its goal is to find clusters of particles (called groups) that are separated by at most a cut-off radius.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-26 James S. Willis , Matthieu Schaller , Pedro Gonnet , John C. Helly

We have performed a detailed analysis of the ability of the friends-of-friends algorithm in identifying real galaxy systems in deep surveys such as the future Javalambre Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey. Our…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 A. Zandivarez , E. Díaz-Giménez , C. Mendes de Oliveira , B. Ascaso , N. Benítez , R. Dupke , L. Sodré , . , J. Irwin

I describe a fast algorithm for the identification of connected sets of points where the point-wise connections are determined by a fixed spatial distance - a task commonly referred to in the cosmological simulation community as…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-04 Peter E. Creasey

A direct approach to studying the galaxy-halo connection is to analyze groups and clusters of galaxies that trace the underlying dark matter halos, emphasizing the importance of identifying galaxy clusters and their associated brightest…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-22 Hai-Xia Ma , Tsutomu T. Takeuchi , Suchetha Cooray , Yongda Zhu

Context. New-generation cosmological simulations are providing huge amounts of data, whose analysis becomes itself a cutting-edge computational problem. In particular, the identification of gravitationally bound structures, known as halo…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-10 David Vallés-Pérez , Susana Planelles , Vicent Quilis

Cosmological simulations are useful tools for studying the evolution of galaxies, and it is critical to accurately identify galaxies and their halos from raw simulation data. The friends-of-friend (FoF) algorithm has been widely adopted for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-14 Jinsu Rhee , Pascal Elahi , Sukyoung K. Yi

The dark matter halo mass function is a key repository of cosmological information over a wide range of mass scales, from individual galaxies to galaxy clusters. N-body simulations have established that the friends-of-friends (FOF) mass…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Zarija Lukić , Darren Reed , Salman Habib , Katrin Heitmann

The Friends of Friends algorithm identifies groups of objects with similar spatial and kinematic properties, and has recently been used extensively to quantify the distributions of gas and stars in young star-forming regions. We apply the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-12 Richard J. Parker , Nicholas J. Wright

We test the Friends-of-Friends (FoF) grouping algorithm, which depends on two linking lengths (LLs), plane-of-sky and line-of-sight (LOS), normalized to the mean nearest neighbor separation of field galaxies. We argue, on theoretical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-31 Manuel Duarte , Gary Mamon

We present maps classifying regions of the sky according to their information gain potential as quantified by the Fisher information. These maps can guide the optimal retrieval of relevant physical information with targeted cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-26 Andrija Kostić , Jens Jasche , Doogesh Kodi Ramanah , Guilhem Lavaux

We present an algorithm which is designed to allow the efficient identification and preliminary dynamical analysis of thousands of structures and substructures in large N-body simulations. First we utilise a refined density gradient system…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jochen Weller , Jeremiah P Ostriker , Paul Bode , Laurie Shaw

We have compared numerical simulations to observations for the nearby (< 40 Mpc) groups of galaxies (Huchra & Geller 1982 and Ramella et al. 2002). The group identification is carried out using a group-finding algorithm developed by Huchra…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sami-Matias Niemi , Pasi Nurmi , Pekka Heinämäki , Mauri Valtonen

We present a deep-learning-based approach for identifying dark matter haloes in cosmological N-body simulations. Our framework consists of a volumetric Convolutional Neural Network to classify individual simulation particles as either halo…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-26 Soumadeep Maiti , Carlos M. Correa , Andrea Fiorilli , Andrés N. Ruiz , Dante J. Paz , Alejandro Pérez Fernández , Ariel G. Sánchez

Galaxy groups are essential for studying the distribution of matter on a large scale in redshift surveys and for deciphering the link between galaxy traits and their associated halos. In this work, we propose a widely applicable method for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-03 Juntao Ma , Jie Wang , Tianxiang Mao , Hongxiang Chen , Yuxi Meng , Xiaohu Yang , Qingyang Li

Identifying galaxy groups from redshift surveys of galaxies plays an important role in connecting galaxies with the underlying dark matter distribution. Current and future high-$z$ spectroscopic surveys, usually incomplete in redshift…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-14 Kai Wang , H. J. Mo , Cheng Li , Jiacheng Meng , Yangyao Chen
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