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Machine learning models of music typically break up the task of composition into a chronological process, composing a piece of music in a single pass from beginning to end. On the contrary, human composers write music in a nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Cheng-Zhi Anna Huang , Tim Cooijmans , Adam Roberts , Aaron Courville , Douglas Eck

An aggregative composition is a binary operation obeying the principle that the whole is determined by the sum of its parts. The development of graph algebras, on which the theory of formal graph languages is built, relies on aggregative…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Marius Bozga , Radu Iosif , Florian Zuleger

Under what circumstances might every extension of a combinatorial structure contain more copies of another one than the original did? This property, which we call prolificity, holds universally in some cases (e.g., finite linear orders) and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Murray Tannock , Michael Albert

We consider an integral version of the Freudenthal construction relating Jordan algebras and exceptional algebraic groups. We show how this construction is related to higher composition laws of M.Bhargava in number theory. We propose an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sergei Krutelevich

We look at a family of meta-Fibonacci sequences which arise in studying the number of leaves at the largest level in certain infinite sequences of binary trees, restricted compositions of an integer, and binary compact codes. For this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Brad Jackson , Frank Ruskey

We investigate compositions of a positive integer with a fixed number of parts, when there are several types of each natural number. These compositions produce new relationships among binomial coefficients, Catalan numbers, and numbers of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-12-20 Milan Janjic

We describe here an experimental method that permits to compute a good candidate for the closed form of a generating function if we know the first few terms of a series. The method is based on integer relations algorithms and uses either…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-12-02 Simon Plouffe

Compositional generalization -- the ability to understand and generate novel combinations of learned concepts -- enables models to extend their capabilities beyond limited experiences. While effective, the data structures and principles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Lingjing Kong , Shaoan Xie , Yang Jiao , Yetian Chen , Yanhui Guo , Simone Shao , Yan Gao , Guangyi Chen , Kun Zhang

One of the most popular and studied recursive series is the Fibonacci sequence. It is challenging to see how Fibonacci numbers can be used to generate other recursive sequences. In our article, we describe some families of integer…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-25 Kálmán Liptai , László Németh , Tamás Szakács , László Szalay

The counting of partitions according to their genus is revisited. The case of genus 0 -- non-crossing partitions -- is well known. Our approach relies on two pillars: first a functional equation between generating functions, originally…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-04 Jean-Bernard Zuber

The generalized Fibonacci sequences are sequences $\{f_n\}$ which satisfy the recurrence $f_n(s, t) = sf_{n - 1}(s, t) + tf_{n - 2}(s, t)$ ($s, t \in \mathbb{Z}$) with initial conditions $f_0(s, t) = 0$ and $f_1(s, t) = 1$. In a recent…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-31 Soohyun Park

In this paper we study the coefficients of the powers of an ordinary generating function and their properties. A new class of functions based on compositions of an integer $n$ is introduced and is termed composita. We present theorems about…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-26 Vladimir V. Kruchinin , Dmitry V. Kruchinin

Mansour and Shattuck introduced the notion of water cells for integer compositions in 2018. We focus on compositions with parts restricted to 1 and 2 and consider the array of counts for such compositions of $n$ with $k$ water cells,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Brian Hopkins , Aram Tangboonduangjit

We find a generating function expressed as a continued fraction that enumerates ordered trees by the number of vertices at different levels. Several Catalan problems are mapped to an ordered-tree problem and their generating functions also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Mahendra Jani , Robert G. Rieper

It is observed that the conjugacy growth series of the infinite fini-tary symmetric group with respect to the generating set of transpositions is the generating series of the partition function. Other conjugacy growth series are computed,…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-16 Roland Bacher , Pierre De La Harpe

In their study of cyclic pattern containment, Domagalski et al. conjecture differential equations for the generating functions of circular permutations avoiding consecutive patterns of length 3. In this note, we prove and significantly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-13 Sergi Elizalde , Bruce Sagan

Using methods from Analytic Combinatorics, we study the families of perfect matchings, partitions, chord diagrams, and hyperchord diagrams on a disk with a prescribed number of crossings. For each family, we express the generating function…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-14 Vincent Pilaud , Juanjo Rué

Statistical modeling of popular music presents a unique challenge due to the complexity of song structures, which cannot be easily analyzed using conventional statistical tools. However, recent advances in data science have shown that…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-28 Matthew Esmaili Mallory , Mark Glickman , Jason Brown

We determine the order of magnitude of the variance of the Fibonacci partition function. The answer is different to the most naive guess. The proof involves a diophantine system and an inhomogeneous linear recurrence.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Sam Chow , Owen Jones

We define a function by refining Stern's diatomic sequence. We name it the {\it assembly function}. It is strictly increasing continuous. The first and the second main theorems are on an action to the function. The third theorem is on…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-02 Yasuhisa Yamada