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Vision transformers (ViTs) have recently received explosive popularity, but the huge computational cost is still a severe issue. Since the computation complexity of ViT is quadratic with respect to the input sequence length, a mainstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Yifan Xu , Zhijie Zhang , Mengdan Zhang , Kekai Sheng , Ke Li , Weiming Dong , Liqing Zhang , Changsheng Xu , Xing Sun

Vision encoders typically generate a large number of visual tokens, providing information-rich representations but significantly increasing computational demands. This raises the question of whether all generated tokens are equally valuable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Eduard Allakhverdov , Elizaveta Goncharova , Andrey Kuznetsov

Vision Transformers achieve impressive accuracy across a range of visual recognition tasks. Unfortunately, their accuracy frequently comes with high computational costs. This is a particular issue in video recognition, where models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Matthew Dutson , Yin Li , Mohit Gupta

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents can successfully learn to handle complex tasks, effectively generalizing acquired skills to unfamiliar settings remains a challenge. One of the reasons behind this is the visual encoders used are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yuhan Zhang , Guoqing Ma , Guangfu Hao , Liangxuan Guo , Yang Chen , Shan Yu

Vision-language (VL) learning requires extensive visual perception capabilities, such as fine-grained object recognition and spatial perception. Recent works typically rely on training huge models on massive datasets to develop these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yuanchen Wu , Junlong Du , Ke Yan , Shouhong Ding , Xiaoqiang Li

This paper studies how to keep a vision backbone effective while removing token mixers in its basic building blocks. Token mixers, as self-attention for vision transformers (ViTs), are intended to perform information communication between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Jiahao Wang , Songyang Zhang , Yong Liu , Taiqiang Wu , Yujiu Yang , Xihui Liu , Kai Chen , Ping Luo , Dahua Lin

Recently, Transformers have emerged as the go-to architecture for both vision and language modeling tasks, but their computational efficiency is limited by the length of the input sequence. To address this, several efficient variants of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Hao Zheng , Jinbao Wang , Xiantong Zhen , Hong Chen , Jingkuan Song , Feng Zheng

Object detection and tracking is an essential perception task for enabling fully autonomous navigation in robotic systems. Edge robot systems such as small drones need to execute complex maneuvers at high-speeds with limited resources,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Adarsh Kumar Kosta , Amogh Joshi , Arjun Roy , Rohan Kumar Manna , Manish Nagaraj , Kaushik Roy

In this paper, we introduce a novel visual representation learning which relies on a handful of adaptively learned tokens, and which is applicable to both image and video understanding tasks. Instead of relying on hand-designed splitting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Michael S. Ryoo , AJ Piergiovanni , Anurag Arnab , Mostafa Dehghani , Anelia Angelova

In Transformer architectures, tokens\textemdash discrete units derived from raw data\textemdash are formed by segmenting inputs into fixed-length chunks. Each token is then mapped to an embedding, enabling parallel attention computations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenglun Kong , Yize Li , Fanhu Zeng , Lei Xin , Shvat Messica , Xue Lin , Pu Zhao , Manolis Kellis , Hao Tang , Marinka Zitnik

Multimodal Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in video understanding, yet face prohibitive computational costs and performance degradation from ''context rot'' due to massive visual token redundancy. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shida Wang , YongXiang Hua , Zhou Tao , Haoyu Cao , Linli Xu

With distributed machine learning being a prominent technique for large-scale machine learning tasks, communication complexity has become a major bottleneck for speeding up training and scaling up machine numbers. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Pengyun Yue , Hanzhen Zhao , Cong Fang , Di He , Liwei Wang , Zhouchen Lin , Song-chun Zhu

Discrete visual tokenizers transform images into a sequence of tokens, enabling token-based visual generation akin to language models. However, this process is inherently challenging, as it requires both compressing visual signals into a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Zeyu Liu , Zanlin Ni , Yeguo Hua , Xin Deng , Xiao Ma , Cheng Zhong , Gao Huang

Vision transformers have been widely explored in various vision tasks. Due to heavy computational cost, much interest has aroused for compressing vision transformer dynamically in the aspect of tokens. Current methods mainly pay attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Fanhu Zeng , Deli Yu , Zhenglun Kong , Hao Tang

Autoregressive models have recently shown great promise in visual generation by leveraging discrete token sequences akin to language modeling. However, existing approaches often suffer from inefficiency, either due to token-by-token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Ruiqing Yang , Kaixin Zhang , Zheng Zhang , Shan You , Tao Huang

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance across various computer vision tasks, but their high computational cost remains a challenge. Token pruning has been proposed to reduce this cost by selectively removing…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Taehan Lee , Hyukjun Lee

Auto-regressive neural sequence models have been shown to be effective across text generation tasks. However, their left-to-right decoding order prevents generation from being parallelized. Insertion Transformer (Stern et al., 2019) is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Zhisong Zhang , Yizhe Zhang , Bill Dolan

Edge computing enables data processing closer to the source, significantly reducing latency, an essential requirement for real-time vision-based analytics such as object detection in surveillance and smart city environments. However, these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daghash K. Alqahtani , Maria A. Rodriguez , Muhammad Aamir Cheema , Hamid Rezatofighi , Adel N. Toosi

In generative modeling, tokenization simplifies complex data into compact, structured representations, creating a more efficient, learnable space. For high-dimensional visual data, it reduces redundancy and emphasizes key features for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Long Zhao , Sanghyun Woo , Ziyu Wan , Yandong Li , Han Zhang , Boqing Gong , Hartwig Adam , Xuhui Jia , Ting Liu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown impressive performance in computer vision, but their high computational cost, quadratic in the number of tokens, limits their adoption in computation-constrained applications. However, this large number…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yifei Liu , Mathias Gehrig , Nico Messikommer , Marco Cannici , Davide Scaramuzza