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The landscape for building conversational interfaces (chatbots) has witnessed a paradigm shift with recent developments in generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT by OpenAI (GPT3.5 and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Sumit Soman , Ranjani H G

The increasing use of large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP) tasks has sparked significant interest in evaluating their effectiveness across diverse applications. While models like ChatGPT and DeepSeek have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Wael Etaiwi , Bushra Alhijawi

The use of generative AI-based coding assistants like ChatGPT and Github Copilot is a reality in contemporary software development. Many of these tools are provided as remote APIs. Using third-party APIs raises data privacy and security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Negar Alizadeh , Boris Belchev , Nishant Saurabh , Patricia Kelbert , Fernando Castor

Large Language Models (LLMs) can produce catastrophic responses in conversational settings that pose serious risks to public safety and security. Existing evaluations often fail to fully reveal these vulnerabilities because they rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chengxiao Wang , Isha Chaudhary , Qian Hu , Weitong Ruan , Rahul Gupta , Gagandeep Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in solving complex problems in various fields, including oil and gas engineering and other industrial engineering disciplines like factory automation, PLC programming etc. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Oluwatosin Ogundare , Srinath Madasu , Nathanial Wiggins

In recent times, the grandeur of Large Language Models (LLMs) has not only shone in the realm of natural language processing but has also cast its brilliance across a vast array of applications. This remarkable display of LLM capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Hanieh Alipour , Nick Pendar , Kohinoor Roy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications where users engage in extended, mixed-topic conversations that depend on prior context. Yet, their reliability under realistic multi-turn interactions remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiyoon Myung

Ensuring robust safety measures across a wide range of scenarios is crucial for user-facing systems. While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate valuable data for safety measures, they often exhibit distributional biases, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sabit Hassan , Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant potential in providing accessible mental health support, their practical deployment raises critical trustworthiness concerns due to the domains high-stakes and safety-sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Zixin Xiong , Ziteng Wang , Haotian Fan , Xinjie Zhang , Wenxuan Wang

The success of large language models (LLMs) in scientific domains has heightened safety concerns, prompting numerous benchmarks to evaluate their scientific safety. Existing benchmarks often suffer from limited risk coverage and a reliance…

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain susceptible to jailbreak exploits that bypass safety filters and induce harmful or unethical behavior. This work presents a systematic taxonomy of existing jailbreak defenses across prompt-level,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ryan Wong , Hosea David Yu Fei Ng , Dhananjai Sharma , Glenn Jun Jie Ng , Kavishvaran Srinivasan

As multiple crises threaten the sustainability of our societies and pose at risk the planetary boundaries, complex challenges require timely, updated, and usable information. Natural-language processing (NLP) tools enhance and expand data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Francesca Larosa , Sergio Hoyas , H. Alberto Conejero , Javier Garcia-Martinez , Francesco Fuso Nerini , Ricardo Vinuesa

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot have revolutionized automated code generation in software engineering. However, as these models are increasingly utilized for software development, concerns have arisen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Ahmad Mohsin , Helge Janicke , Adrian Wood , Iqbal H. Sarker , Leandros Maglaras , Naeem Janjua

Tool learning is widely acknowledged as a foundational approach or deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-world scenarios. While current research primarily emphasizes leveraging tools to augment LLMs, it frequently neglects emerging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Junjie Ye , Sixian Li , Guanyu Li , Caishuang Huang , Songyang Gao , Yilong Wu , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as transformative tools for software vulnerability detection, addressing critical challenges in the security domain. Traditional methods, such as static and dynamic analysis, often falter due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Ze Sheng , Zhicheng Chen , Shuning Gu , Heqing Huang , Guofei Gu , Jeff Huang

The open-sourcing of large language models (LLMs) accelerates application development, innovation, and scientific progress. This includes both base models, which are pre-trained on extensive datasets without alignment, and aligned models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Xiao Wang , Tianze Chen , Xianjun Yang , Qi Zhang , Xun Zhao , Dahua Lin

Simulation powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a promising method for exploring complex human social behaviors. However, the application of LLMs in simulations presents significant challenges, particularly regarding their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Qian Wang , Zhenheng Tang , Bingsheng He

Large Language Models (LLMs) as chatbots have drawn remarkable attention thanks to their versatile capability in natural language processing as well as in a wide range of tasks. While there has been great enthusiasm towards adopting such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-24 Subir Majumder , Lin Dong , Fatemeh Doudi , Yuting Cai , Chao Tian , Dileep Kalathi , Kevin Ding , Anupam A. Thatte , Na Li , Le Xie

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has opened new avenues across various fields, including cybersecurity, which faces an evolving threat landscape and demand for innovative technologies. Despite initial explorations into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Jie Zhang , Haoyu Bu , Hui Wen , Yongji Liu , Haiqiang Fei , Rongrong Xi , Lun Li , Yun Yang , Hongsong Zhu , Dan Meng

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed with increasing real-world responsibilities, it is important to be able to specify and constrain the behavior of these systems in a reliable manner. Model developers may wish to set explicit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Norman Mu , Sarah Chen , Zifan Wang , Sizhe Chen , David Karamardian , Lulwa Aljeraisy , Basel Alomair , Dan Hendrycks , David Wagner