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We study the polynomial coefficients of lightning self-attention as coordinates of an algebraic variety. We identify linear and nonlinear families of algebraic invariants, including Chow-type, low-rank, Veronese-type, and Sylvester…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Yulia Alexandr , Hao Duan , Guido Montúfar

We study hyper-spheres, spheres and circles, with respect to an indefinite metric, in a tangent space on a 4-dimensional differentiable manifold. The manifold is equipped with a positive definite metric and an additional tensor structure of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Georgi Dzhelepov , Iva Dokuzova , Dimitar Razpopov

We examine a two-parameter ($\hbar ,$ $\lambda $) deformation of the Poincar\`e algebra which is covariant under the action of $SL_q(2,C).$ When $\lambda \rightarrow 0$ it yields the Poincar\`e algebra, while in the $\hbar\rightarrow 0$…

q-alg · Mathematics 2009-10-30 A. Stern , I. Yakushin

In this paper is discussed description of some algebraic structures in quantum theory by using formal recursive constructions with "complex Poincar\'e group" ISO(4,C).

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

We introduce subspace rank as a tool for studying ranks of tensors and X-rank more generally. We derive a new upper bound for the rank of a tensor and determine the ranks of partially symmetric tensors in C^2 \otimes C^b \otimes C^b. We…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-06-02 Jarosław Buczyński , J. M. Landsberg

We study the general form of the possible kinetic terms for 2-form fields in four dimensions, under the restriction that they have a semibounded energy density. This is done by using covariant symplectic techniques and generalizes previous…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 J. Fernando Barbero G. , Eduardo J. S. Villaseñor

We show that the eigenschemes of $4 \times 4 \times 4$ symmetric tensors are parametrized by a linear subvariety of the Grassmannian $\operatorname{Gr}(3,\mathbb{P}^{14})$. We also study the decomposition of the eigenscheme into the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-10-12 Türkü Özlüm Celik , Francesco Galuppi , Avinash Kulkarni , Miruna-Stefana Sorea

In this paper we give a topological interpretation and diagrammatic calculus for the rank $(n-2)$ Askey-Wilson algebra by proving there is an explicit isomorphism with the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of the $(n+1)$-punctured sphere. To…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Juliet Cooke , Abel Lacabanne

The paper develops a $(2+2)$-imbedding formalism adapted to a double foliation of spacetime by a net of two intersecting families of lightlike hypersurfaces. The formalism is two-dimensionally covariant, and leads to simple, geometrically…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 P. R. Brady , S. Droz , W. Israel , S. M. Morsink

We introduce a unified method for study of 2-dimensional invariant subspaces of matrices and their corresponding super-eigenvalues. As a novel application to non-commutative algebra, we present a connection between the eigenvalues of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Omar Al-Raisi , Mohammad Shahryari

Just as links may be algebraically described as certain morphisms in the category of tangles, compact surfaces smoothly embedded in R^4 may be described as certain 2-morphisms in the 2-category of `2-tangles in 4 dimensions'. In this…

q-alg · Mathematics 2008-02-03 John C. Baez , Laurel Langford

This is the second in a series of papers which considers first-order gauge-invariant and covariant gravitational perturbations to locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) class II space-times. This paper shows how to decouple a complex…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-08-21 R. B. Burston

We study the N=2 four-dimensional superconformal index in various interesting limits, such that only states annihilated by more than one supercharge contribute. Extrapolating from the SU(2) generalized quivers, which have a Lagrangian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-19 Abhijit Gadde , Leonardo Rastelli , Shlomo S. Razamat , Wenbin Yan

An operation of associative, commutative and distributive multiplication on { Euclidean vector space} $\mathbb{E}_4$ is introduced by a skew circulant matrix. The resulting algebra $\mathbb{W}$ over $\mathbb{R}$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{C}…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-08-03 Ján Haluška , Małgorzata Jastrzębska

We discuss some of the analytic properties of lens space indices for 4d N=2 theories of class S. The S-duality properties of these theories highly constrain the lens space indices, and imply in particular that they are naturally acted upon…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-11-06 Shlomo S. Razamat , Masahito Yamazaki

The 2x2 monodromy matrices for the Kowalewski top on the Lie algebras e(3), so(4) and so(3,1) are presented. The corresponding quadratic R-matrix structure is the dynamical deformation of the standard R-matrix algebras. Some tops and Toda…

solv-int · Physics 2009-10-30 A. V. Tsiganov

For a braided vector space $(V,\sigma)$ with braiding $\sigma$ of Hecke type, we introduce three associative algebra structures on the space $\oplus_{p=0}^{M}\mathrm{End}S_\sigma^p(V)$ of graded endomorphisms of the quantum symmetric…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2010-02-26 Run-Qiang Jian

This article explores \Z_2-graded L_\infinity algebra structures on a 2|1-dimensional vector space. The reader should note that our convention on the parities is the opposite of the usual one, because we define our structures on the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Derek Bodin , Alice Fialowski , Michael Penkava

We first describe, over a field K of characteristic different from 2, the orbits for the adjoint actions of the Lie groups PGL(2, K) and PSL(2, K) on their Lie algebra sl(2, K). While the former are well known, the latter lead to the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Christopher-Lloyd Simon

Let $K$ be a field of characteristic different from 2 and let $C$ be an octonion algebra over $K$. We show that there is a seven-dimensional subspace of $7\times 7$ skew-symmetric matrices over $K$ which is invariant under the automorphism…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2008-11-11 Roderick Gow